Special status of iron transfer proteins in the serum of breast cancer patients

Abstract Cancer cells have a greater requirement for iron because of their continuous and rapid proliferation. To do that, iron homeostasis is altered in cancer cells to meet this excessive demand. Transferrin (TF) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) are proteins that play essential roles in transporting and del...

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Main Authors: Lama Alhaddad, Maher Saifo, Ranwa Alsayed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-05-01
Series:Discover Oncology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02799-3
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author Lama Alhaddad
Maher Saifo
Ranwa Alsayed
author_facet Lama Alhaddad
Maher Saifo
Ranwa Alsayed
author_sort Lama Alhaddad
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Cancer cells have a greater requirement for iron because of their continuous and rapid proliferation. To do that, iron homeostasis is altered in cancer cells to meet this excessive demand. Transferrin (TF) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) are proteins that play essential roles in transporting and delivering iron into cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of transferrin and lipocalin 2 in Syrian breast cancer patients, and compare them with those in a control group and their correlation with the tumor state and characteristics. This case‒control study included 80 Syrian women divided into two groups: a group of patients with breast cancer who were newly diagnosed via biopsy (n = 40), and a control group of healthy women (n = 40). Serum transferrin levels were measured via an immunoturbidimetric assay and serum levels of lipocalin 2 were measured via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the control group, the case group presented lower levels of Lipocalin 2, but serum LCN2 levels were correlated with estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER,PR) negative status (r = -0.330, p-value = 0.038) and (r = -0.441, p-value = 0.004) respectively. However, transferrin levels were correlated only with progesterone receptor status. Interestingly, there was a negative correlation between serum lipocalin 2 and transferrin serum levels (r = -0.416, p-value = 0.008). This study revealed that serum lipocalin 2 levels decrease in breast cancer patients with increased tumor expression of the ER and PR receptors, it also indicates the collaboration and the cross-talk of iron transport proteins to deliver it to cancer cells. This suggests the importance of iron transport proteins as novel biomarkers and perhaps as therapeutic targets for aggressive subtypes of breast cancer (ER-negative and PR-negative subtypes).
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spelling doaj-art-399f478d84ae4fdbab5f979ba75e0abe2025-08-20T03:22:03ZengSpringerDiscover Oncology2730-60112025-05-011611810.1007/s12672-025-02799-3Special status of iron transfer proteins in the serum of breast cancer patientsLama Alhaddad0Maher Saifo1Ranwa Alsayed2Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Damascus UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus UniversityAbstract Cancer cells have a greater requirement for iron because of their continuous and rapid proliferation. To do that, iron homeostasis is altered in cancer cells to meet this excessive demand. Transferrin (TF) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) are proteins that play essential roles in transporting and delivering iron into cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of transferrin and lipocalin 2 in Syrian breast cancer patients, and compare them with those in a control group and their correlation with the tumor state and characteristics. This case‒control study included 80 Syrian women divided into two groups: a group of patients with breast cancer who were newly diagnosed via biopsy (n = 40), and a control group of healthy women (n = 40). Serum transferrin levels were measured via an immunoturbidimetric assay and serum levels of lipocalin 2 were measured via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the control group, the case group presented lower levels of Lipocalin 2, but serum LCN2 levels were correlated with estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER,PR) negative status (r = -0.330, p-value = 0.038) and (r = -0.441, p-value = 0.004) respectively. However, transferrin levels were correlated only with progesterone receptor status. Interestingly, there was a negative correlation between serum lipocalin 2 and transferrin serum levels (r = -0.416, p-value = 0.008). This study revealed that serum lipocalin 2 levels decrease in breast cancer patients with increased tumor expression of the ER and PR receptors, it also indicates the collaboration and the cross-talk of iron transport proteins to deliver it to cancer cells. This suggests the importance of iron transport proteins as novel biomarkers and perhaps as therapeutic targets for aggressive subtypes of breast cancer (ER-negative and PR-negative subtypes).https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02799-3Breast cancerTransferrinLipocalin 2Estrogen receptorProgesterone receptorSyria
spellingShingle Lama Alhaddad
Maher Saifo
Ranwa Alsayed
Special status of iron transfer proteins in the serum of breast cancer patients
Discover Oncology
Breast cancer
Transferrin
Lipocalin 2
Estrogen receptor
Progesterone receptor
Syria
title Special status of iron transfer proteins in the serum of breast cancer patients
title_full Special status of iron transfer proteins in the serum of breast cancer patients
title_fullStr Special status of iron transfer proteins in the serum of breast cancer patients
title_full_unstemmed Special status of iron transfer proteins in the serum of breast cancer patients
title_short Special status of iron transfer proteins in the serum of breast cancer patients
title_sort special status of iron transfer proteins in the serum of breast cancer patients
topic Breast cancer
Transferrin
Lipocalin 2
Estrogen receptor
Progesterone receptor
Syria
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02799-3
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AT mahersaifo specialstatusofirontransferproteinsintheserumofbreastcancerpatients
AT ranwaalsayed specialstatusofirontransferproteinsintheserumofbreastcancerpatients