Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy
The amyloid cascade hypothesis posits that amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) are the most neurotoxic species in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These oligomers, characterized by their high β-sheet content, have been shown to significantly disrupt cell membranes, induce local inflammation, and impair autophagy pr...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Beilstein-Institut
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.16.44 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850204944097869824 |
|---|---|
| author | Shiwani Randhawa Trilok Chand Saini Manik Bathla Rahul Bhardwaj Rubina Dhiman Amitabha Acharya |
| author_facet | Shiwani Randhawa Trilok Chand Saini Manik Bathla Rahul Bhardwaj Rubina Dhiman Amitabha Acharya |
| author_sort | Shiwani Randhawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The amyloid cascade hypothesis posits that amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) are the most neurotoxic species in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These oligomers, characterized by their high β-sheet content, have been shown to significantly disrupt cell membranes, induce local inflammation, and impair autophagy processes, which collectively contribute to neuronal loss. As such, targeting AβOs specifically, rather than solely focusing on amyloid-β fibrils (AβFs), may offer a more effective therapeutic approach for AD. Recent advances in detection and diagnosis have emphasized the importance of accurately identifying AβOs in patient samples, enhancing the potential for timely intervention. In recent years, nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as promising agents for addressing AβOs regarding their multivalent interactions, which can more effectively detect and inhibit AβO formation. This review provides an in-depth analysis of various nanochaperones developed to target AβOs, detailing their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential via focusing on two main strategies, namely, disruption of AβOs through direct interaction and the inhibition of AβO nucleation by binding to intermediates of the oligomerization process. Evidence from in vivo studies indicate that NMs hold promise for ameliorating AD symptoms. Additionally, the review explores the different interaction mechanisms through which nanoparticles exhibit their inhibitory effects on AβOs, providing insights into their potential for clinical application. This comprehensive overview highlights the current advancements in NM-based therapies for AD and outlines future research directions aimed at optimizing these innovative treatments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-39549a6d1f2b4ea3b3f7fbe40e44c3ed |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2190-4286 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Beilstein-Institut |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-39549a6d1f2b4ea3b3f7fbe40e44c3ed2025-08-20T02:11:12ZengBeilstein-InstitutBeilstein Journal of Nanotechnology2190-42862025-04-0116156158010.3762/bjnano.16.442190-4286-16-44Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapyShiwani Randhawa0Trilok Chand Saini1Manik Bathla2Rahul Bhardwaj3Rubina Dhiman4Amitabha Acharya5Biotechnology Division, C.S.I.R – Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Prasesh, 176061, India Biotechnology Division, C.S.I.R – Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Prasesh, 176061, India Biotechnology Division, C.S.I.R – Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Prasesh, 176061, India Biotechnology Division, C.S.I.R – Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Prasesh, 176061, India Biotechnology Division, C.S.I.R – Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Prasesh, 176061, India Biotechnology Division, C.S.I.R – Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Prasesh, 176061, India The amyloid cascade hypothesis posits that amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) are the most neurotoxic species in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These oligomers, characterized by their high β-sheet content, have been shown to significantly disrupt cell membranes, induce local inflammation, and impair autophagy processes, which collectively contribute to neuronal loss. As such, targeting AβOs specifically, rather than solely focusing on amyloid-β fibrils (AβFs), may offer a more effective therapeutic approach for AD. Recent advances in detection and diagnosis have emphasized the importance of accurately identifying AβOs in patient samples, enhancing the potential for timely intervention. In recent years, nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as promising agents for addressing AβOs regarding their multivalent interactions, which can more effectively detect and inhibit AβO formation. This review provides an in-depth analysis of various nanochaperones developed to target AβOs, detailing their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential via focusing on two main strategies, namely, disruption of AβOs through direct interaction and the inhibition of AβO nucleation by binding to intermediates of the oligomerization process. Evidence from in vivo studies indicate that NMs hold promise for ameliorating AD symptoms. Additionally, the review explores the different interaction mechanisms through which nanoparticles exhibit their inhibitory effects on AβOs, providing insights into their potential for clinical application. This comprehensive overview highlights the current advancements in NM-based therapies for AD and outlines future research directions aimed at optimizing these innovative treatments.https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.16.44alzheimer’s diseaseamyloidamyloid-β oligomersdetectiondissociationnanomaterials |
| spellingShingle | Shiwani Randhawa Trilok Chand Saini Manik Bathla Rahul Bhardwaj Rubina Dhiman Amitabha Acharya Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology alzheimer’s disease amyloid amyloid-β oligomers detection dissociation nanomaterials |
| title | Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy |
| title_full | Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy |
| title_fullStr | Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy |
| title_short | Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy |
| title_sort | nanomaterials in targeting amyloid β oligomers current advances and future directions for alzheimer s disease diagnosis and therapy |
| topic | alzheimer’s disease amyloid amyloid-β oligomers detection dissociation nanomaterials |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.16.44 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shiwanirandhawa nanomaterialsintargetingamyloidboligomerscurrentadvancesandfuturedirectionsforalzheimersdiseasediagnosisandtherapy AT trilokchandsaini nanomaterialsintargetingamyloidboligomerscurrentadvancesandfuturedirectionsforalzheimersdiseasediagnosisandtherapy AT manikbathla nanomaterialsintargetingamyloidboligomerscurrentadvancesandfuturedirectionsforalzheimersdiseasediagnosisandtherapy AT rahulbhardwaj nanomaterialsintargetingamyloidboligomerscurrentadvancesandfuturedirectionsforalzheimersdiseasediagnosisandtherapy AT rubinadhiman nanomaterialsintargetingamyloidboligomerscurrentadvancesandfuturedirectionsforalzheimersdiseasediagnosisandtherapy AT amitabhaacharya nanomaterialsintargetingamyloidboligomerscurrentadvancesandfuturedirectionsforalzheimersdiseasediagnosisandtherapy |