Effects of Early Stress Exposure on Anxiety-like Behavior and <i>MORC1</i> Expression in Rats

Exposure to stress during early and late childhood can lead to long-lasting neurobiological and behavioral impairments. Although sensitive periods for stress exposure are well established, less is known about the trajectory of induced alterations throughout development. In this study, we investigate...

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Main Authors: Annakarina Mundorf, Nadja Freund
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Biomolecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1587
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author Annakarina Mundorf
Nadja Freund
author_facet Annakarina Mundorf
Nadja Freund
author_sort Annakarina Mundorf
collection DOAJ
description Exposure to stress during early and late childhood can lead to long-lasting neurobiological and behavioral impairments. Although sensitive periods for stress exposure are well established, less is known about the trajectory of induced alterations throughout development. In this study, we investigated the impact of maternal separation (MS), social isolation, and their combination on anxiety-like behavior and gene expression across developmental stages. Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to one or both stressors and later assessed for anxiety-like behavior in juvenility, adolescence, and adulthood. mRNA levels of <i>Morc1</i>, a gene linked to early-life stress and depression, were measured in the medial prefrontal cortex to assess developmental changes. The results showed that MS had age- and sex-dependent effects on anxiety-like behavior. Juveniles exhibited less anxiety after MS, while adolescents showed more pronounced behavioral changes following social isolation. No behavioral changes were observed in adults. Males exhibited greater anxiety-like behavior than females in adolescence and adulthood, but not in juvenility. Female adults exposed to both MS and social isolation had significantly lower <i>Morc1</i> expression compared to controls. These findings highlight the dynamic effects of early stress across the lifespan, underscoring the critical role of adolescence and differential stress susceptibility by age and sex.
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spelling doaj-art-3946268371d74704b840c19e45c494912025-08-20T02:43:29ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2024-12-011412158710.3390/biom14121587Effects of Early Stress Exposure on Anxiety-like Behavior and <i>MORC1</i> Expression in RatsAnnakarina Mundorf0Nadja Freund1Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, GermanyDivision of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, GermanyExposure to stress during early and late childhood can lead to long-lasting neurobiological and behavioral impairments. Although sensitive periods for stress exposure are well established, less is known about the trajectory of induced alterations throughout development. In this study, we investigated the impact of maternal separation (MS), social isolation, and their combination on anxiety-like behavior and gene expression across developmental stages. Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to one or both stressors and later assessed for anxiety-like behavior in juvenility, adolescence, and adulthood. mRNA levels of <i>Morc1</i>, a gene linked to early-life stress and depression, were measured in the medial prefrontal cortex to assess developmental changes. The results showed that MS had age- and sex-dependent effects on anxiety-like behavior. Juveniles exhibited less anxiety after MS, while adolescents showed more pronounced behavioral changes following social isolation. No behavioral changes were observed in adults. Males exhibited greater anxiety-like behavior than females in adolescence and adulthood, but not in juvenility. Female adults exposed to both MS and social isolation had significantly lower <i>Morc1</i> expression compared to controls. These findings highlight the dynamic effects of early stress across the lifespan, underscoring the critical role of adolescence and differential stress susceptibility by age and sex.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1587maternal separationsocial isolationdepressiondevelopmentrt-PCRprefrontal cortex
spellingShingle Annakarina Mundorf
Nadja Freund
Effects of Early Stress Exposure on Anxiety-like Behavior and <i>MORC1</i> Expression in Rats
Biomolecules
maternal separation
social isolation
depression
development
rt-PCR
prefrontal cortex
title Effects of Early Stress Exposure on Anxiety-like Behavior and <i>MORC1</i> Expression in Rats
title_full Effects of Early Stress Exposure on Anxiety-like Behavior and <i>MORC1</i> Expression in Rats
title_fullStr Effects of Early Stress Exposure on Anxiety-like Behavior and <i>MORC1</i> Expression in Rats
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Early Stress Exposure on Anxiety-like Behavior and <i>MORC1</i> Expression in Rats
title_short Effects of Early Stress Exposure on Anxiety-like Behavior and <i>MORC1</i> Expression in Rats
title_sort effects of early stress exposure on anxiety like behavior and i morc1 i expression in rats
topic maternal separation
social isolation
depression
development
rt-PCR
prefrontal cortex
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1587
work_keys_str_mv AT annakarinamundorf effectsofearlystressexposureonanxietylikebehaviorandimorc1iexpressioninrats
AT nadjafreund effectsofearlystressexposureonanxietylikebehaviorandimorc1iexpressioninrats