Incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome by Occupation – 10-Year follow-up of the Gutenberg Health Study
Abstract Background In view of demographic change, rising retirement age, and a growing shortage of skilled workers, it is increasingly important to prevent widespread diseases such as type 2 diabetes or its risk factor metabolic syndrome. Since the workplace is an important setting for preventive m...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Juliane Bauer Janice Hegewald Karin Rossnagel Sylvia Jankowiak Michaela Prigge Julian Chalabi Matthias Nübling Alice Freiberg Merle Riechmann-Wolf Pavel Dietz Philipp S. Wild Thomas Koeck Manfred E. Beutel Norbert Pfeiffer Karl J. Lackner Thomas Münzel Konstantin Strauch Philipp Lurz Oliver Tüscher Julia Weinmann-Menke Stavros Konstantinides Andreas Seidler |
| author_facet | Juliane Bauer Janice Hegewald Karin Rossnagel Sylvia Jankowiak Michaela Prigge Julian Chalabi Matthias Nübling Alice Freiberg Merle Riechmann-Wolf Pavel Dietz Philipp S. Wild Thomas Koeck Manfred E. Beutel Norbert Pfeiffer Karl J. Lackner Thomas Münzel Konstantin Strauch Philipp Lurz Oliver Tüscher Julia Weinmann-Menke Stavros Konstantinides Andreas Seidler |
| author_sort | Juliane Bauer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background In view of demographic change, rising retirement age, and a growing shortage of skilled workers, it is increasingly important to prevent widespread diseases such as type 2 diabetes or its risk factor metabolic syndrome. Since the workplace is an important setting for preventive measures and little is known about incident cases in the working population, the aim of this study was to identify vulnerable occupational groups for whom these interventions are particularly appropriate. Therefore, we investigated the 10-year incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome across occupational groups in Germany. Methods Employees of the population-based Gutenberg-Health-Study (GHS) were examined at baseline (2007–2012) and 10 years later. We calculated age- and sex-standardised incidence rates and standardised incidence ratios (SIR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for occupations, job complexity levels, and supervisory and managerial positions. 5954 persons at risk for type 2 diabetes and 5103 at risk for metabolic syndrome were observed. Results Between baseline and follow-up, 388 cases of type 2 diabetes and 1104 cases of metabolic syndrome occurred, and standardised incidences were 6.9% and 22.6%, respectively. The highest incidence of type 2 diabetes was observed in the occupational group “food production and processing” (20.7%) with a threefold increased incidence (SIR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.8–4.7) compared to the total working population of the GHS. Employees in “metal production, processing and construction” had the highest incidence of metabolic syndrome and a two times higher SIR (48.5%; SIR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–2.9). There was also a high incidence of both type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in “cleaners” (16.5% and 34.8%) and “drivers and mobile plant operators” (14.8% and 41.2%). An increased incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome was observed with decreasing job complexity levels. Conclusions This study shows wide differences in the incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome between occupational groups and highlights the vulnerability of certain occupations. As the workplace is an important platform for interventions, the findings of this study could guide the development of more nuanced and effective workplace health initiatives to promote a healthier workforce for the future. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3937b8073de345b5abb0a798493c9993 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-3937b8073de345b5abb0a798493c99932025-02-09T12:58:21ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-02-0125111510.1186/s12889-025-21732-5Incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome by Occupation – 10-Year follow-up of the Gutenberg Health StudyJuliane Bauer0Janice Hegewald1Karin Rossnagel2Sylvia Jankowiak3Michaela Prigge4Julian Chalabi5Matthias Nübling6Alice Freiberg7Merle Riechmann-Wolf8Pavel Dietz9Philipp S. Wild10Thomas Koeck11Manfred E. Beutel12Norbert Pfeiffer13Karl J. Lackner14Thomas Münzel15Konstantin Strauch16Philipp Lurz17Oliver Tüscher18Julia Weinmann-Menke19Stavros Konstantinides20Andreas Seidler21Division Work and Health, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA)Division Work and Health, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA)Division Work and Health, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA)Division Work and Health, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA)Division Work and Health, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA)Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzFFAW: Freiburg Research Centre for Occupational SciencesInstitute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine (IPAS), Faculty of Medicine, TU DresdenInstitute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzInstitute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzPreventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzPreventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzInstitute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzGerman Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-MainInstitute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzDepartment of Cardiology – Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzDepartment of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Center of Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University MainzCenter for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzInstitute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine (IPAS), Faculty of Medicine, TU DresdenAbstract Background In view of demographic change, rising retirement age, and a growing shortage of skilled workers, it is increasingly important to prevent widespread diseases such as type 2 diabetes or its risk factor metabolic syndrome. Since the workplace is an important setting for preventive measures and little is known about incident cases in the working population, the aim of this study was to identify vulnerable occupational groups for whom these interventions are particularly appropriate. Therefore, we investigated the 10-year incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome across occupational groups in Germany. Methods Employees of the population-based Gutenberg-Health-Study (GHS) were examined at baseline (2007–2012) and 10 years later. We calculated age- and sex-standardised incidence rates and standardised incidence ratios (SIR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for occupations, job complexity levels, and supervisory and managerial positions. 5954 persons at risk for type 2 diabetes and 5103 at risk for metabolic syndrome were observed. Results Between baseline and follow-up, 388 cases of type 2 diabetes and 1104 cases of metabolic syndrome occurred, and standardised incidences were 6.9% and 22.6%, respectively. The highest incidence of type 2 diabetes was observed in the occupational group “food production and processing” (20.7%) with a threefold increased incidence (SIR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.8–4.7) compared to the total working population of the GHS. Employees in “metal production, processing and construction” had the highest incidence of metabolic syndrome and a two times higher SIR (48.5%; SIR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–2.9). There was also a high incidence of both type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in “cleaners” (16.5% and 34.8%) and “drivers and mobile plant operators” (14.8% and 41.2%). An increased incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome was observed with decreasing job complexity levels. Conclusions This study shows wide differences in the incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome between occupational groups and highlights the vulnerability of certain occupations. As the workplace is an important platform for interventions, the findings of this study could guide the development of more nuanced and effective workplace health initiatives to promote a healthier workforce for the future.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21732-5CardiometabolicEpidemiologyIncidenceLongitudinalMetabolic syndromeOccupation |
| spellingShingle | Juliane Bauer Janice Hegewald Karin Rossnagel Sylvia Jankowiak Michaela Prigge Julian Chalabi Matthias Nübling Alice Freiberg Merle Riechmann-Wolf Pavel Dietz Philipp S. Wild Thomas Koeck Manfred E. Beutel Norbert Pfeiffer Karl J. Lackner Thomas Münzel Konstantin Strauch Philipp Lurz Oliver Tüscher Julia Weinmann-Menke Stavros Konstantinides Andreas Seidler Incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome by Occupation – 10-Year follow-up of the Gutenberg Health Study BMC Public Health Cardiometabolic Epidemiology Incidence Longitudinal Metabolic syndrome Occupation |
| title | Incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome by Occupation – 10-Year follow-up of the Gutenberg Health Study |
| title_full | Incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome by Occupation – 10-Year follow-up of the Gutenberg Health Study |
| title_fullStr | Incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome by Occupation – 10-Year follow-up of the Gutenberg Health Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome by Occupation – 10-Year follow-up of the Gutenberg Health Study |
| title_short | Incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome by Occupation – 10-Year follow-up of the Gutenberg Health Study |
| title_sort | incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome by occupation 10 year follow up of the gutenberg health study |
| topic | Cardiometabolic Epidemiology Incidence Longitudinal Metabolic syndrome Occupation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21732-5 |
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