Identifying risk factors for postpartum depression in Mashhad, Iran, 2017–2024: a population-based case-control study
Abstract Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and debilitating disorder affecting mothers worldwide. This study aimed to identify risk factors and the frequency of PPD in Mashhad, Iran. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted using data from the Sina Health Informat...
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BMC
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Archives of Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-025-01544-0 |
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| author | Amin Moradi Mehdi Norouzi Ehsan Mosa Farkhani |
| author_facet | Amin Moradi Mehdi Norouzi Ehsan Mosa Farkhani |
| author_sort | Amin Moradi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and debilitating disorder affecting mothers worldwide. This study aimed to identify risk factors and the frequency of PPD in Mashhad, Iran. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted using data from the Sina Health Information System (SINAEHR) from March 1, 2017, to June 20, 2024. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale was used to identify cases (score > 12) and controls (score ≤ 12). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors associated with PPD. Results Among 108,952 women evaluated, 3,407 (3.03%) were diagnosed with PPD and matched with an equal number of controls. Significant risk factors for PPD included maternal age ≤ 20 years (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.31–2.36), history of abortion (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.15–1.42), cesarean delivery (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11–1.34), preterm delivery (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.67–2.37), twin births (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.41–3.24), and drug use (OR = 5.76, 95% CI: 2.90–11.33). Psychological factors were strongly associated with PPD, including history of anxiety (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 2.06–2.93), domestic violence (OR = 4.08, 95% CI: 2.43–6.59), history of depression (OR = 5.31, 95% CI: 4.58–6.61), and psychological distress (OR = 4.94, 95% CI: 3.91–6.23). Conclusion This study identified multiple risk factors for PPD, with psychological factors showing the strongest associations. These findings highlight the importance of screening for mental health issues and providing targeted support to high-risk women during pregnancy and the postpartum period to prevent and manage PPD effectively. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-391d393a4abf455e942248df7faba566 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2049-3258 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Archives of Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-391d393a4abf455e942248df7faba5662025-08-20T03:05:52ZengBMCArchives of Public Health2049-32582025-03-018311810.1186/s13690-025-01544-0Identifying risk factors for postpartum depression in Mashhad, Iran, 2017–2024: a population-based case-control studyAmin Moradi0Mehdi Norouzi1Ehsan Mosa Farkhani2Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and debilitating disorder affecting mothers worldwide. This study aimed to identify risk factors and the frequency of PPD in Mashhad, Iran. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted using data from the Sina Health Information System (SINAEHR) from March 1, 2017, to June 20, 2024. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale was used to identify cases (score > 12) and controls (score ≤ 12). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors associated with PPD. Results Among 108,952 women evaluated, 3,407 (3.03%) were diagnosed with PPD and matched with an equal number of controls. Significant risk factors for PPD included maternal age ≤ 20 years (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.31–2.36), history of abortion (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.15–1.42), cesarean delivery (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11–1.34), preterm delivery (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.67–2.37), twin births (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.41–3.24), and drug use (OR = 5.76, 95% CI: 2.90–11.33). Psychological factors were strongly associated with PPD, including history of anxiety (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 2.06–2.93), domestic violence (OR = 4.08, 95% CI: 2.43–6.59), history of depression (OR = 5.31, 95% CI: 4.58–6.61), and psychological distress (OR = 4.94, 95% CI: 3.91–6.23). Conclusion This study identified multiple risk factors for PPD, with psychological factors showing the strongest associations. These findings highlight the importance of screening for mental health issues and providing targeted support to high-risk women during pregnancy and the postpartum period to prevent and manage PPD effectively.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-025-01544-0Postpartum depressionRisk factorsPsychological distress |
| spellingShingle | Amin Moradi Mehdi Norouzi Ehsan Mosa Farkhani Identifying risk factors for postpartum depression in Mashhad, Iran, 2017–2024: a population-based case-control study Archives of Public Health Postpartum depression Risk factors Psychological distress |
| title | Identifying risk factors for postpartum depression in Mashhad, Iran, 2017–2024: a population-based case-control study |
| title_full | Identifying risk factors for postpartum depression in Mashhad, Iran, 2017–2024: a population-based case-control study |
| title_fullStr | Identifying risk factors for postpartum depression in Mashhad, Iran, 2017–2024: a population-based case-control study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identifying risk factors for postpartum depression in Mashhad, Iran, 2017–2024: a population-based case-control study |
| title_short | Identifying risk factors for postpartum depression in Mashhad, Iran, 2017–2024: a population-based case-control study |
| title_sort | identifying risk factors for postpartum depression in mashhad iran 2017 2024 a population based case control study |
| topic | Postpartum depression Risk factors Psychological distress |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-025-01544-0 |
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