Imitative Translations of Beowulf: Tolkien, Lehmann, and McCully

The Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf exists in numerous translations into prose and verse of various forms and styles. While some translators use accentual metre and alliteration to evoke the form of the original, few attempt to reproduce its metre and structure exactly. Focussing on lines 210–28, this ess...

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Main Author: Elliot Vale
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Ediuno. Ediciones de la Universidad de Oviedo 2025-07-01
Series:SELIM
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Online Access:https://reunido.uniovi.es/index.php/SELIM/article/view/21847
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author Elliot Vale
author_facet Elliot Vale
author_sort Elliot Vale
collection DOAJ
description The Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf exists in numerous translations into prose and verse of various forms and styles. While some translators use accentual metre and alliteration to evoke the form of the original, few attempt to reproduce its metre and structure exactly. Focussing on lines 210–28, this essay examines three metrically imitative translations of Beowulf by J.R.R. Tolkien, Ruth Lehmann, and Chris McCully, alongside Tolkien’s later prose translation. In juxtaposing Old and modern English, these imitative translations provide the ideal site to test Paul Fussell’s claim that the Old English alliterative verse form is no longer practicable. Close reading a select passage from these translations against the Old English text highlights their correspondence to and divergence from the original. It also reveals key differences in the poetic style and linguistic characteristics of Old and modern English. Through comparative analysis, this study demonstrates how efforts to replicate Old English metre may undermine other stylistic features and poetic effects, ultimately distorting the original. In contrast, Tolkien’s prose translation suggests that prose, while less bound to formal imitation, may retain a double fidelity to both the sound and meaning of the original.
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spelling doaj-art-391cdf3b910f4a52b424c319fc63e4b32025-08-26T05:03:36ZengEdiuno. Ediciones de la Universidad de OviedoSELIM1132-631X2792-38782025-07-01301Imitative Translations of Beowulf: Tolkien, Lehmann, and McCullyElliot Vale0University of Oxford The Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf exists in numerous translations into prose and verse of various forms and styles. While some translators use accentual metre and alliteration to evoke the form of the original, few attempt to reproduce its metre and structure exactly. Focussing on lines 210–28, this essay examines three metrically imitative translations of Beowulf by J.R.R. Tolkien, Ruth Lehmann, and Chris McCully, alongside Tolkien’s later prose translation. In juxtaposing Old and modern English, these imitative translations provide the ideal site to test Paul Fussell’s claim that the Old English alliterative verse form is no longer practicable. Close reading a select passage from these translations against the Old English text highlights their correspondence to and divergence from the original. It also reveals key differences in the poetic style and linguistic characteristics of Old and modern English. Through comparative analysis, this study demonstrates how efforts to replicate Old English metre may undermine other stylistic features and poetic effects, ultimately distorting the original. In contrast, Tolkien’s prose translation suggests that prose, while less bound to formal imitation, may retain a double fidelity to both the sound and meaning of the original. https://reunido.uniovi.es/index.php/SELIM/article/view/21847Old English MetreOld English poetryTranslationBeowulfTolkien
spellingShingle Elliot Vale
Imitative Translations of Beowulf: Tolkien, Lehmann, and McCully
SELIM
Old English Metre
Old English poetry
Translation
Beowulf
Tolkien
title Imitative Translations of Beowulf: Tolkien, Lehmann, and McCully
title_full Imitative Translations of Beowulf: Tolkien, Lehmann, and McCully
title_fullStr Imitative Translations of Beowulf: Tolkien, Lehmann, and McCully
title_full_unstemmed Imitative Translations of Beowulf: Tolkien, Lehmann, and McCully
title_short Imitative Translations of Beowulf: Tolkien, Lehmann, and McCully
title_sort imitative translations of beowulf tolkien lehmann and mccully
topic Old English Metre
Old English poetry
Translation
Beowulf
Tolkien
url https://reunido.uniovi.es/index.php/SELIM/article/view/21847
work_keys_str_mv AT elliotvale imitativetranslationsofbeowulftolkienlehmannandmccully