The immune-related gene CD5 is a prognostic biomarker associated with the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
Abstract The occurrence and progression of breast cancer (BCa) are complex processes involving multiple factors and multiple steps. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in this process, but the functions of immune components and stromal components in the TME require further eluci...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Discover Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-024-01616-7 |
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| _version_ | 1832594610726109184 |
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| author | Yi Zhao Hengheng Zhang Wenwen Wang Guoshuang Shen Miaozhou Wang Zhen Liu Jiuda Zhao Jinming Li |
| author_facet | Yi Zhao Hengheng Zhang Wenwen Wang Guoshuang Shen Miaozhou Wang Zhen Liu Jiuda Zhao Jinming Li |
| author_sort | Yi Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The occurrence and progression of breast cancer (BCa) are complex processes involving multiple factors and multiple steps. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in this process, but the functions of immune components and stromal components in the TME require further elucidation. In this study, we obtained the RNA-seq data of 1086 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We calculated the proportions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and immune and stromal components using the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE methods, and we screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Univariate Cox regression analysis of overall survival was performed on the DEGs, and a protein–protein interaction network of their protein products was generated. Finally, the hub gene CD5 was obtained. High CD5 expression was found to be associated with longer survival than low expression. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that DEGs upregulated in the high-CD5 expression group were mainly enriched in tumor- and immune-related pathways, while those upregulated in the low-expression group were enriched in protein export and lipid synthesis. TIC analysis showed that CD5 expression was positively correlated with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, activated memory CD4+ T cells, gamma delta T cells, and M1 macrophages and negatively correlated with the infiltration of M2 macrophages. CD5 can increase anticancer immune cell infiltration and reduce M2 macrophage infiltration. These results suggest that CD5 is likely a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target, providing novel insights into the treatment and prognostic assessment of BCa. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-391850f10a554748bfa2c2d45890dab8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2730-6011 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Discover Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-391850f10a554748bfa2c2d45890dab82025-01-19T12:29:24ZengSpringerDiscover Oncology2730-60112025-01-0116111810.1007/s12672-024-01616-7The immune-related gene CD5 is a prognostic biomarker associated with the tumor microenvironment of breast cancerYi Zhao0Hengheng Zhang1Wenwen Wang2Guoshuang Shen3Miaozhou Wang4Zhen Liu5Jiuda Zhao6Jinming Li7Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai UniversityGraduate School of Qinghai UniversityState Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical UniversityBreast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai UniversityBreast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai UniversityBreast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai UniversityBreast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai UniversityGraduate School of Qinghai UniversityAbstract The occurrence and progression of breast cancer (BCa) are complex processes involving multiple factors and multiple steps. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in this process, but the functions of immune components and stromal components in the TME require further elucidation. In this study, we obtained the RNA-seq data of 1086 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We calculated the proportions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and immune and stromal components using the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE methods, and we screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Univariate Cox regression analysis of overall survival was performed on the DEGs, and a protein–protein interaction network of their protein products was generated. Finally, the hub gene CD5 was obtained. High CD5 expression was found to be associated with longer survival than low expression. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that DEGs upregulated in the high-CD5 expression group were mainly enriched in tumor- and immune-related pathways, while those upregulated in the low-expression group were enriched in protein export and lipid synthesis. TIC analysis showed that CD5 expression was positively correlated with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, activated memory CD4+ T cells, gamma delta T cells, and M1 macrophages and negatively correlated with the infiltration of M2 macrophages. CD5 can increase anticancer immune cell infiltration and reduce M2 macrophage infiltration. These results suggest that CD5 is likely a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target, providing novel insights into the treatment and prognostic assessment of BCa.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-024-01616-7Breast cancerCD5Tumor microenvironmentTumor immune infiltrates |
| spellingShingle | Yi Zhao Hengheng Zhang Wenwen Wang Guoshuang Shen Miaozhou Wang Zhen Liu Jiuda Zhao Jinming Li The immune-related gene CD5 is a prognostic biomarker associated with the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer Discover Oncology Breast cancer CD5 Tumor microenvironment Tumor immune infiltrates |
| title | The immune-related gene CD5 is a prognostic biomarker associated with the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer |
| title_full | The immune-related gene CD5 is a prognostic biomarker associated with the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer |
| title_fullStr | The immune-related gene CD5 is a prognostic biomarker associated with the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | The immune-related gene CD5 is a prognostic biomarker associated with the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer |
| title_short | The immune-related gene CD5 is a prognostic biomarker associated with the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer |
| title_sort | immune related gene cd5 is a prognostic biomarker associated with the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer |
| topic | Breast cancer CD5 Tumor microenvironment Tumor immune infiltrates |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-024-01616-7 |
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