Liquefaction Response and Reinforcement Effect of Saturated Soil Treated by Dynamic Compaction Based on Hydro-Mechanically Coupled Explicit Analysis

In order to accurately analyze the liquefaction and the reinforcement effect of saturated silty and sandy soils treated by dynamic compaction, a hydro-mechanically coupled explicit analysis method was proposed. The method, in combination with the cap model, was carried out using the Abaqus finite el...

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Main Authors: Sihan Ma, Guo Zhao, Xiaoyuan Yang, Run Xu, Zhiqiang Weng, Jiawei Liu, Chong Zhou, Chao Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Buildings
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/14/2527
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author Sihan Ma
Guo Zhao
Xiaoyuan Yang
Run Xu
Zhiqiang Weng
Jiawei Liu
Chong Zhou
Chao Li
author_facet Sihan Ma
Guo Zhao
Xiaoyuan Yang
Run Xu
Zhiqiang Weng
Jiawei Liu
Chong Zhou
Chao Li
author_sort Sihan Ma
collection DOAJ
description In order to accurately analyze the liquefaction and the reinforcement effect of saturated silty and sandy soils treated by dynamic compaction, a hydro-mechanically coupled explicit analysis method was proposed. The method, in combination with the cap model, was carried out using the Abaqus finite element software. Then, parametric analysis was carried out by means of the development and dissipation of excess pore water pressure, effective soil stress and the relative reinforcement degree. And the effects of the drop energy, tamper radius and soil permeability on the liquefaction zone and soil improvement of saturated soil were examined. The results demonstrated that the liquefaction zone and the effective reinforcement were determined by the drop energy rather than the permeability or tamper radius. A 2.5-times increase in drop energy can increase the maximum liquefaction depth by 1.1 m (4.6 m to 5.7 m) and the effective reinforcement depth (<i>I</i><sub>r</sub> ≥ 0.08) by 0.6 m (1.2 m to 1.8 m). It is recommended that the reinforcement effect should be improved by a lower drop energy with a low drop height and a heavy tamper in actual projects. It should also be noted that a smaller tamper radius was conducive to local soil improvement but also generated higher localized excess pore water pressures. Soil permeability critically controls liquefaction potential and excess pore water pressure dissipation. Low permeability soils experienced significant liquefaction depths and slower consolidation, whereas high permeability gravels (k = 10<sup>−2</sup> m/s) showed minimal liquefaction and great improvements in depth. To diminish the effect of the underground water, the gravel cushions should be used to drain pore water out before dynamic compaction.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2075-5309
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
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series Buildings
spelling doaj-art-391104ee993f44b4b01d5d64e8d0711b2025-08-20T03:58:27ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-07-011514252710.3390/buildings15142527Liquefaction Response and Reinforcement Effect of Saturated Soil Treated by Dynamic Compaction Based on Hydro-Mechanically Coupled Explicit AnalysisSihan Ma0Guo Zhao1Xiaoyuan Yang2Run Xu3Zhiqiang Weng4Jiawei Liu5Chong Zhou6Chao Li7Qingdao Transportation Development Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, ChinaShandong Provincial Communications Planning and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250101, ChinaQingdao Transportation Development Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, ChinaShandong Provincial Communications Planning and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250101, ChinaQingdao Transportation Development Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, ChinaQingdao Transportation Development Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, ChinaSchool of Transportation Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, ChinaSchool of Transportation Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, ChinaIn order to accurately analyze the liquefaction and the reinforcement effect of saturated silty and sandy soils treated by dynamic compaction, a hydro-mechanically coupled explicit analysis method was proposed. The method, in combination with the cap model, was carried out using the Abaqus finite element software. Then, parametric analysis was carried out by means of the development and dissipation of excess pore water pressure, effective soil stress and the relative reinforcement degree. And the effects of the drop energy, tamper radius and soil permeability on the liquefaction zone and soil improvement of saturated soil were examined. The results demonstrated that the liquefaction zone and the effective reinforcement were determined by the drop energy rather than the permeability or tamper radius. A 2.5-times increase in drop energy can increase the maximum liquefaction depth by 1.1 m (4.6 m to 5.7 m) and the effective reinforcement depth (<i>I</i><sub>r</sub> ≥ 0.08) by 0.6 m (1.2 m to 1.8 m). It is recommended that the reinforcement effect should be improved by a lower drop energy with a low drop height and a heavy tamper in actual projects. It should also be noted that a smaller tamper radius was conducive to local soil improvement but also generated higher localized excess pore water pressures. Soil permeability critically controls liquefaction potential and excess pore water pressure dissipation. Low permeability soils experienced significant liquefaction depths and slower consolidation, whereas high permeability gravels (k = 10<sup>−2</sup> m/s) showed minimal liquefaction and great improvements in depth. To diminish the effect of the underground water, the gravel cushions should be used to drain pore water out before dynamic compaction.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/14/2527hydro-mechanically coupled methoddynamic compactionsoil liquefactionsoil improvement
spellingShingle Sihan Ma
Guo Zhao
Xiaoyuan Yang
Run Xu
Zhiqiang Weng
Jiawei Liu
Chong Zhou
Chao Li
Liquefaction Response and Reinforcement Effect of Saturated Soil Treated by Dynamic Compaction Based on Hydro-Mechanically Coupled Explicit Analysis
Buildings
hydro-mechanically coupled method
dynamic compaction
soil liquefaction
soil improvement
title Liquefaction Response and Reinforcement Effect of Saturated Soil Treated by Dynamic Compaction Based on Hydro-Mechanically Coupled Explicit Analysis
title_full Liquefaction Response and Reinforcement Effect of Saturated Soil Treated by Dynamic Compaction Based on Hydro-Mechanically Coupled Explicit Analysis
title_fullStr Liquefaction Response and Reinforcement Effect of Saturated Soil Treated by Dynamic Compaction Based on Hydro-Mechanically Coupled Explicit Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Liquefaction Response and Reinforcement Effect of Saturated Soil Treated by Dynamic Compaction Based on Hydro-Mechanically Coupled Explicit Analysis
title_short Liquefaction Response and Reinforcement Effect of Saturated Soil Treated by Dynamic Compaction Based on Hydro-Mechanically Coupled Explicit Analysis
title_sort liquefaction response and reinforcement effect of saturated soil treated by dynamic compaction based on hydro mechanically coupled explicit analysis
topic hydro-mechanically coupled method
dynamic compaction
soil liquefaction
soil improvement
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/14/2527
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