A genome-wide investigation of Mycoplasma hominis genes associated with gynecological infections or infertility

Background and aimMycoplasma hominis is a human pathogenic bacterium that causes a wide range of genital infections and reproductive issues. Previously, based on an extended multilocus sequence typing scheme, we provided evidence for the segregation of M. hominis clinical strains into two distinct p...

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Main Authors: Salim Chibani, Elhem Yacoub, Safa Boujemaa, Helmi Mardassi, Julien Guglielmini, Amaury Vaysse, Nadine Khadraoui, Béhija Mlik, Boutheina Ben Abdelmoumen Mardassi
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1561378/full
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author Salim Chibani
Elhem Yacoub
Safa Boujemaa
Helmi Mardassi
Julien Guglielmini
Amaury Vaysse
Nadine Khadraoui
Béhija Mlik
Boutheina Ben Abdelmoumen Mardassi
author_facet Salim Chibani
Elhem Yacoub
Safa Boujemaa
Helmi Mardassi
Julien Guglielmini
Amaury Vaysse
Nadine Khadraoui
Béhija Mlik
Boutheina Ben Abdelmoumen Mardassi
author_sort Salim Chibani
collection DOAJ
description Background and aimMycoplasma hominis is a human pathogenic bacterium that causes a wide range of genital infections and reproductive issues. Previously, based on an extended multilocus sequence typing scheme, we provided evidence for the segregation of M. hominis clinical strains into two distinct pathotypes: gynecological infections or infertility. Here, based on whole genome sequencing (WGS) data, we sought to provide a more refined picture of the phylogenetic relationship between these two M. hominis pathotypes, with the aim to delineate the underlying genetic determinants.MethodsWe carried out WGS of 62 Tunisian M. hominis clinical strains collected over a 17-year period. The majority of these clinical strains are associated with infertility (n = 53) and the remaining nine isolates are from gynecological infections cases. An alignment-free distance-based procedure (Jolytree) was used to infer phylogenetic relationships among M. hominis isolates, while the phylogenetic method treeWAS was used to determine the statistical association between pathotypes of interest and genotypes at all loci.ResultsThe total pangenome of M. hominis strains was found to contain 1,590 genes including 966 core genes and 592 accessory genes, representing 60 and 37% of the total genome, respectively. Collectively, phylogenetic analyses based on WGS confirmed the distinction between the two M. hominis pathotypes. Strikingly, genome wide association analyses identified 4 virulence genes associated with gynecological infections, mainly involved in nucleotide salvage pathways and tolerance to oxidative stress, while five genes have been associated with infertility cases, two of which are implicated in biofilm formation.ConclusionIn sum, this study further established the categorization of M. hominis into two pathotypes, and led to the identification of the associated genetic loci, thus holding out promising prospects for a better understanding of the differential interaction of M. hominis with its host.
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spelling doaj-art-3903c4e992f643c29a522f487cc186132025-08-20T02:20:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-04-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15613781561378A genome-wide investigation of Mycoplasma hominis genes associated with gynecological infections or infertilitySalim Chibani0Elhem Yacoub1Safa Boujemaa2Helmi Mardassi3Julien Guglielmini4Amaury Vaysse5Nadine Khadraoui6Béhija Mlik7Boutheina Ben Abdelmoumen Mardassi8Group of Mycoplasmas, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnological Development, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, TunisiaGroup of Mycoplasmas, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnological Development, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, TunisiaGroup of Mycoplasmas, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnological Development, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, TunisiaUnit of Typing and Genetics of Mycobacteria, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnology Development, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, TunisiaInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, FranceInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, FranceGroup of Mycoplasmas, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnological Development, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, TunisiaGroup of Mycoplasmas, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnological Development, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, TunisiaGroup of Mycoplasmas, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnological Development, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, TunisiaBackground and aimMycoplasma hominis is a human pathogenic bacterium that causes a wide range of genital infections and reproductive issues. Previously, based on an extended multilocus sequence typing scheme, we provided evidence for the segregation of M. hominis clinical strains into two distinct pathotypes: gynecological infections or infertility. Here, based on whole genome sequencing (WGS) data, we sought to provide a more refined picture of the phylogenetic relationship between these two M. hominis pathotypes, with the aim to delineate the underlying genetic determinants.MethodsWe carried out WGS of 62 Tunisian M. hominis clinical strains collected over a 17-year period. The majority of these clinical strains are associated with infertility (n = 53) and the remaining nine isolates are from gynecological infections cases. An alignment-free distance-based procedure (Jolytree) was used to infer phylogenetic relationships among M. hominis isolates, while the phylogenetic method treeWAS was used to determine the statistical association between pathotypes of interest and genotypes at all loci.ResultsThe total pangenome of M. hominis strains was found to contain 1,590 genes including 966 core genes and 592 accessory genes, representing 60 and 37% of the total genome, respectively. Collectively, phylogenetic analyses based on WGS confirmed the distinction between the two M. hominis pathotypes. Strikingly, genome wide association analyses identified 4 virulence genes associated with gynecological infections, mainly involved in nucleotide salvage pathways and tolerance to oxidative stress, while five genes have been associated with infertility cases, two of which are implicated in biofilm formation.ConclusionIn sum, this study further established the categorization of M. hominis into two pathotypes, and led to the identification of the associated genetic loci, thus holding out promising prospects for a better understanding of the differential interaction of M. hominis with its host.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1561378/fullMycoplasma hominispathotypeinfertilitygynecological infectionsvirulencewhole genome sequencing
spellingShingle Salim Chibani
Elhem Yacoub
Safa Boujemaa
Helmi Mardassi
Julien Guglielmini
Amaury Vaysse
Nadine Khadraoui
Béhija Mlik
Boutheina Ben Abdelmoumen Mardassi
A genome-wide investigation of Mycoplasma hominis genes associated with gynecological infections or infertility
Frontiers in Microbiology
Mycoplasma hominis
pathotype
infertility
gynecological infections
virulence
whole genome sequencing
title A genome-wide investigation of Mycoplasma hominis genes associated with gynecological infections or infertility
title_full A genome-wide investigation of Mycoplasma hominis genes associated with gynecological infections or infertility
title_fullStr A genome-wide investigation of Mycoplasma hominis genes associated with gynecological infections or infertility
title_full_unstemmed A genome-wide investigation of Mycoplasma hominis genes associated with gynecological infections or infertility
title_short A genome-wide investigation of Mycoplasma hominis genes associated with gynecological infections or infertility
title_sort genome wide investigation of mycoplasma hominis genes associated with gynecological infections or infertility
topic Mycoplasma hominis
pathotype
infertility
gynecological infections
virulence
whole genome sequencing
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1561378/full
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