Nanoengineered polyaniline/carbon black VXC 72 hybridized with woven abaca for superior electromagnetic interference shielding
Abstract The growing demand for efficient electromagnetic (EM) shielding materials has driven extensive research into sustainable and functionalized composites for high-frequency applications. This study investigates the electromagnetic (EM) shielding properties of Polyaniline (PAni)-functionalized...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99521-8 |
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| author | Martin Guillermo C. Fernandez Muhammad Luthfi Hakim Zufar Alfarros Gil Nonato C. Santos Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun |
| author_facet | Martin Guillermo C. Fernandez Muhammad Luthfi Hakim Zufar Alfarros Gil Nonato C. Santos Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun |
| author_sort | Martin Guillermo C. Fernandez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The growing demand for efficient electromagnetic (EM) shielding materials has driven extensive research into sustainable and functionalized composites for high-frequency applications. This study investigates the electromagnetic (EM) shielding properties of Polyaniline (PAni)-functionalized woven abaca fibers, reinforced with Carbon Black (CB) VXC 72, in the ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) range (500–4500 MHz), as determined using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The composite was developed by functionalizing abaca fabric with PAni through in situ chemical oxidative polymerization and depositing CB via a dip-and-dry method. The morphological structure and elemental composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), while Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to confirm functional group interactions. Electrical resistivity was determined using the four-point probe method, and EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) was evaluated in the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) range of 500 MHz to 4500 MHz using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). Experimental results indicate that PAni/CB functionalization successfully imparted shielding properties to abaca fabric. PAni/1CB/Abaca exhibited the highest shielding effectiveness with an average SE of 5.96 dB, corresponding to 74.34% attenuation of incident electromagnetic waves, and a peak attenuation of 7.45 dB at 4.5 GHz. In contrast, 2CB/Abaca and PAni/2CB/Abaca showed selective EMI shielding, with peak attenuation values of 8.27 dB at 1.67 GHz and 7.98 dB at 1.69 GHz, respectively. The electrical resistivity measurements revealed that PAni/1CB/Abaca had the lowest resistivity at 891 Ω·cm, whereas 1CB/Abaca exhibited the highest at 5238 Ω·cm. The primary shielding mechanism was absorption rather than reflection, making the composite a lightweight, corrosion-resistant alternative to traditional metal-based EMI shields. These findings demonstrate the potential of natural fiber-based conductive composites for flexible EMI shielding applications in telecommunications, healthcare, and aerospace industries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-38f53fcbfb37411e9cd71f6d5a8886d1 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-38f53fcbfb37411e9cd71f6d5a8886d12025-08-20T03:14:10ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-99521-8Nanoengineered polyaniline/carbon black VXC 72 hybridized with woven abaca for superior electromagnetic interference shieldingMartin Guillermo C. Fernandez0Muhammad Luthfi Hakim1Zufar Alfarros2Gil Nonato C. Santos3Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun4Physics Department, De La Salle UniversityMechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Universitas Gadjah MadaMechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Universitas Gadjah MadaPhysics Department, De La Salle UniversityMechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Universitas Gadjah MadaAbstract The growing demand for efficient electromagnetic (EM) shielding materials has driven extensive research into sustainable and functionalized composites for high-frequency applications. This study investigates the electromagnetic (EM) shielding properties of Polyaniline (PAni)-functionalized woven abaca fibers, reinforced with Carbon Black (CB) VXC 72, in the ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) range (500–4500 MHz), as determined using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The composite was developed by functionalizing abaca fabric with PAni through in situ chemical oxidative polymerization and depositing CB via a dip-and-dry method. The morphological structure and elemental composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), while Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to confirm functional group interactions. Electrical resistivity was determined using the four-point probe method, and EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) was evaluated in the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) range of 500 MHz to 4500 MHz using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). Experimental results indicate that PAni/CB functionalization successfully imparted shielding properties to abaca fabric. PAni/1CB/Abaca exhibited the highest shielding effectiveness with an average SE of 5.96 dB, corresponding to 74.34% attenuation of incident electromagnetic waves, and a peak attenuation of 7.45 dB at 4.5 GHz. In contrast, 2CB/Abaca and PAni/2CB/Abaca showed selective EMI shielding, with peak attenuation values of 8.27 dB at 1.67 GHz and 7.98 dB at 1.69 GHz, respectively. The electrical resistivity measurements revealed that PAni/1CB/Abaca had the lowest resistivity at 891 Ω·cm, whereas 1CB/Abaca exhibited the highest at 5238 Ω·cm. The primary shielding mechanism was absorption rather than reflection, making the composite a lightweight, corrosion-resistant alternative to traditional metal-based EMI shields. These findings demonstrate the potential of natural fiber-based conductive composites for flexible EMI shielding applications in telecommunications, healthcare, and aerospace industries.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99521-8 |
| spellingShingle | Martin Guillermo C. Fernandez Muhammad Luthfi Hakim Zufar Alfarros Gil Nonato C. Santos Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun Nanoengineered polyaniline/carbon black VXC 72 hybridized with woven abaca for superior electromagnetic interference shielding Scientific Reports |
| title | Nanoengineered polyaniline/carbon black VXC 72 hybridized with woven abaca for superior electromagnetic interference shielding |
| title_full | Nanoengineered polyaniline/carbon black VXC 72 hybridized with woven abaca for superior electromagnetic interference shielding |
| title_fullStr | Nanoengineered polyaniline/carbon black VXC 72 hybridized with woven abaca for superior electromagnetic interference shielding |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanoengineered polyaniline/carbon black VXC 72 hybridized with woven abaca for superior electromagnetic interference shielding |
| title_short | Nanoengineered polyaniline/carbon black VXC 72 hybridized with woven abaca for superior electromagnetic interference shielding |
| title_sort | nanoengineered polyaniline carbon black vxc 72 hybridized with woven abaca for superior electromagnetic interference shielding |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99521-8 |
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