The significant impact of opium use on various types of cancer: an updated - systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective The existing literature on the direct effects of opioid use on cancer is limited. The goal of our systematic review and meta-analysis is to consolidate the findings of previous studies and provide a pooled effect size regarding the association between opioid usage and cancer. Meth...

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Main Authors: Zahra Cheraghi, Bita Azmi-Naei, Nazanin Azmi-Naei, Mohadese Ameri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:BMC Cancer
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-13768-y
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author Zahra Cheraghi
Bita Azmi-Naei
Nazanin Azmi-Naei
Mohadese Ameri
author_facet Zahra Cheraghi
Bita Azmi-Naei
Nazanin Azmi-Naei
Mohadese Ameri
author_sort Zahra Cheraghi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective The existing literature on the direct effects of opioid use on cancer is limited. The goal of our systematic review and meta-analysis is to consolidate the findings of previous studies and provide a pooled effect size regarding the association between opioid usage and cancer. Methods The PRISMA guidelines were employed to construct a framework for conducting this systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search was conducted in international and national databases. A search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and national electronic databases was conducted up to May 2024. The random effects model was employed for the presentation of results with a 95% confidence interval. The statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 11. Results Out of 1674 articles were retrieved 38 studies remained in the final analysis (six cohort study and 32 case-control studies). The pooled adjusted odds ratio of opium on esophageal cancer was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.36, 2.08), for bladder cancer was 5.00(95% CI: 3.76, 6.66), for head and neck cancer was 4.93 (95% CI: 2.41, 10.06) for pancreatic cancer was 2.4 (95% CI: 1.62, 2.56) for lung cancer was 2.89(95% CI: 2.14, 3.30) for laryngeal cancer was 6.76 (95% CI: 3.77, 11.80) for gastric cancer was 3.13 (95% CI: 1.92, 5.11) and for colorectal cancer was 2.51 (95% CI: 1.04, 6.07).All association were statistically significant. Conclusion The findings underscore the potential carcinogenic effects of opium on cancers. Public health organizations should work collaboratively to mitigate opioid exposure while promoting alternative pain management strategies to protect community health and reduce the burden of cancer.
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spelling doaj-art-38f03e63b4244006b144549ffb96f6262025-08-20T03:04:01ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072025-02-0125111210.1186/s12885-025-13768-yThe significant impact of opium use on various types of cancer: an updated - systematic review and meta-analysisZahra Cheraghi0Bita Azmi-Naei1Nazanin Azmi-Naei2Mohadese Ameri3Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical SciencesSchool of Medicine, Islamic Azad university of medical scienceAbstract Objective The existing literature on the direct effects of opioid use on cancer is limited. The goal of our systematic review and meta-analysis is to consolidate the findings of previous studies and provide a pooled effect size regarding the association between opioid usage and cancer. Methods The PRISMA guidelines were employed to construct a framework for conducting this systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search was conducted in international and national databases. A search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and national electronic databases was conducted up to May 2024. The random effects model was employed for the presentation of results with a 95% confidence interval. The statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 11. Results Out of 1674 articles were retrieved 38 studies remained in the final analysis (six cohort study and 32 case-control studies). The pooled adjusted odds ratio of opium on esophageal cancer was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.36, 2.08), for bladder cancer was 5.00(95% CI: 3.76, 6.66), for head and neck cancer was 4.93 (95% CI: 2.41, 10.06) for pancreatic cancer was 2.4 (95% CI: 1.62, 2.56) for lung cancer was 2.89(95% CI: 2.14, 3.30) for laryngeal cancer was 6.76 (95% CI: 3.77, 11.80) for gastric cancer was 3.13 (95% CI: 1.92, 5.11) and for colorectal cancer was 2.51 (95% CI: 1.04, 6.07).All association were statistically significant. Conclusion The findings underscore the potential carcinogenic effects of opium on cancers. Public health organizations should work collaboratively to mitigate opioid exposure while promoting alternative pain management strategies to protect community health and reduce the burden of cancer.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-13768-yOpiumNeoplasmsSystematic reviewMeta-Analysis
spellingShingle Zahra Cheraghi
Bita Azmi-Naei
Nazanin Azmi-Naei
Mohadese Ameri
The significant impact of opium use on various types of cancer: an updated - systematic review and meta-analysis
BMC Cancer
Opium
Neoplasms
Systematic review
Meta-Analysis
title The significant impact of opium use on various types of cancer: an updated - systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full The significant impact of opium use on various types of cancer: an updated - systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr The significant impact of opium use on various types of cancer: an updated - systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed The significant impact of opium use on various types of cancer: an updated - systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short The significant impact of opium use on various types of cancer: an updated - systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort significant impact of opium use on various types of cancer an updated systematic review and meta analysis
topic Opium
Neoplasms
Systematic review
Meta-Analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-13768-y
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