Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students
Purpose. To determine rate of convergence insufficiency (CI) and accommodative insufficiency (AI) and assess the relation between CI, AI, visual symptoms, and astigmatism in school-age children. Methods. 3rd–8th-grade students completed the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) and binocul...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Ophthalmology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6963976 |
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| _version_ | 1850105707812093952 |
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| author | Amy L. Davis Erin M. Harvey J. Daniel Twelker Joseph M. Miller Tina Leonard-Green Irene Campus |
| author_facet | Amy L. Davis Erin M. Harvey J. Daniel Twelker Joseph M. Miller Tina Leonard-Green Irene Campus |
| author_sort | Amy L. Davis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose. To determine rate of convergence insufficiency (CI) and accommodative insufficiency (AI) and assess the relation between CI, AI, visual symptoms, and astigmatism in school-age children. Methods. 3rd–8th-grade students completed the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) and binocular vision testing with correction if prescribed. Students were categorized by astigmatism magnitude (no/low: <1.00 D, moderate: 1.00 D to <3.00 D, and high: ≥3.00 D), presence/absence of clinical signs of CI and AI, and presence of symptoms. Analyses determine rate of clinical CI and AI and symptomatic CI and AI and assessed the relation between CI, AI, visual symptoms, and astigmatism. Results. In the sample of 484 students (11.67 ± 1.81 years of age), rate of symptomatic CI was 6.2% and symptomatic AI 18.2%. AI was more common in students with CI than without CI. Students with AI only (p=0.02) and with CI and AI (p=0.001) had higher symptom scores than students with neither CI nor AI. Moderate and high astigmats were not at increased risk for CI or AI. Conclusions. With-the-rule astigmats are not at increased risk for CI or AI. High comorbidity rates of CI and AI and higher symptoms scores with AI suggest that research is needed to determine symptomatology specific to CI. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-38e2b44149f149189904adddbb288cf9 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2090-004X 2090-0058 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj-art-38e2b44149f149189904adddbb288cf92025-08-20T02:38:59ZengWileyJournal of Ophthalmology2090-004X2090-00582016-01-01201610.1155/2016/69639766963976Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham StudentsAmy L. Davis0Erin M. Harvey1J. Daniel Twelker2Joseph M. Miller3Tina Leonard-Green4Irene Campus5Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85711, USADepartment of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85711, USADepartment of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85711, USADepartment of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85711, USADepartment of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85711, USADepartment of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85711, USAPurpose. To determine rate of convergence insufficiency (CI) and accommodative insufficiency (AI) and assess the relation between CI, AI, visual symptoms, and astigmatism in school-age children. Methods. 3rd–8th-grade students completed the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) and binocular vision testing with correction if prescribed. Students were categorized by astigmatism magnitude (no/low: <1.00 D, moderate: 1.00 D to <3.00 D, and high: ≥3.00 D), presence/absence of clinical signs of CI and AI, and presence of symptoms. Analyses determine rate of clinical CI and AI and symptomatic CI and AI and assessed the relation between CI, AI, visual symptoms, and astigmatism. Results. In the sample of 484 students (11.67 ± 1.81 years of age), rate of symptomatic CI was 6.2% and symptomatic AI 18.2%. AI was more common in students with CI than without CI. Students with AI only (p=0.02) and with CI and AI (p=0.001) had higher symptom scores than students with neither CI nor AI. Moderate and high astigmats were not at increased risk for CI or AI. Conclusions. With-the-rule astigmats are not at increased risk for CI or AI. High comorbidity rates of CI and AI and higher symptoms scores with AI suggest that research is needed to determine symptomatology specific to CI.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6963976 |
| spellingShingle | Amy L. Davis Erin M. Harvey J. Daniel Twelker Joseph M. Miller Tina Leonard-Green Irene Campus Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students Journal of Ophthalmology |
| title | Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students |
| title_full | Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students |
| title_fullStr | Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students |
| title_full_unstemmed | Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students |
| title_short | Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students |
| title_sort | convergence insufficiency accommodative insufficiency visual symptoms and astigmatism in tohono o odham students |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6963976 |
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