Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages and blocking PD-L1 via engineered outer membrane vesicles to enhance T cell infiltration and cytotoxic functions

Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages and blocking PD-L1 via engineered outer membrane vesicles to enhance T cell infiltration and cytotoxic functions

Abstract The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) critically undermines the efficacy of T cell-based tumor immunotherapy by impeding CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytotoxic function, primarily through tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed dea...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhiqiang Chen, Bo Wang, Jianwei Zheng, Chao Liu, Peijun Xu, Qianqian Zhou, Jiayong Li, Zijian Shi, Zhenduo Wang, Xuyan Wang, Shunjin Xia, Fangquan Xu, Xiaofeng Yao, Yu Wang, Xinwei Wang, Xiao Zhao, Nana Ma, Yu Ren, Keman Cheng, Xuan Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Nanobiotechnology
Subjects:
Tumor immunotherapy
Tumor microenvironment
Immune checkpoint blockade
Tumor-associated macrophages
Outer membrane vesicles
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03507-7
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