Differences of Perceived Exertion, Thermal Sensation, Sweating, and Skin Temperature During Exercise in a Hot and Humid Environment by Evaporative Cooling Methods
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effects of evaporative cooling methods of ethanol or water sprays on Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE), Thermal Sensation (TS), Skin Temperature (ST), Tympanic Temperature (TT), and sweat loss during exercise in a hot and humid environment. METHODS Nine h...
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Asian Society of Kinesiology
2025-07-01
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| Series: | The Asian Journal of Kinesiology |
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| Online Access: | http://ajkinesiol.org/upload/pdf/ajk-2025-27-3-3.pdf |
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| author | Taejong Kang Jihwan Park Jooyoung Lee Somang Son Somi Yun Dae Taek Lee |
| author_facet | Taejong Kang Jihwan Park Jooyoung Lee Somang Son Somi Yun Dae Taek Lee |
| author_sort | Taejong Kang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effects of evaporative cooling methods of ethanol or water sprays on Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE), Thermal Sensation (TS), Skin Temperature (ST), Tympanic Temperature (TT), and sweat loss during exercise in a hot and humid environment. METHODS Nine healthy men (24.1 ± 2.5 years, 70.3 ± 3.2 kg, 172.8 ± 2.5 cm) participated in three test conditions: Non-Spray (NS), Water Spray (WS), and Ethanol Spray (ES). All participants underwent 10 minutes of heat acclimation prior to each exercise session, then ran on a treadmill at 70% of their maximal aerobic capacity for 20 minutes in a chamber maintained at 29–31℃ and 75–85% relative humidity. Naked body weight and TT were measured before and after each trial. At 3 minutes after exercise onset, WS or ES was sprayed onto the skin in the corresponding conditions. Two minutes after spraying, ST was measured. This procedure was repeated four times during the exercise. Spray was applied evenly to the neck, chest, arms, and thighs using 3.0–3.5 mL per area, keeping a distance within 10 cm. RPE and TS were assessed before and after exercise in all conditions. RESULTS There were no significant differences in RPE, TS, and TT between conditions. Sweat rate and skin temperature were lower in the ES group compared to the other groups and showed significant differences between conditions and measuring time points (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that there were no significant differences in Ratings of Perceived Exertion, Thermal Sensation, and Tympanic Temperature between conditions. But ES induced a lower Skin Temperature and sweat loss over NS and WS. Although further studies are necessary, the results demonstrated a potential feasibility of ethanol spray for application. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-38dcfe2817254bc484bf44d46bc85f76 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2586-5595 2586-5552 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Asian Society of Kinesiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Asian Journal of Kinesiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-38dcfe2817254bc484bf44d46bc85f762025-08-20T04:02:31ZengAsian Society of KinesiologyThe Asian Journal of Kinesiology2586-55952586-55522025-07-0127331010.15758/ajk.2025.27.3.3645Differences of Perceived Exertion, Thermal Sensation, Sweating, and Skin Temperature During Exercise in a Hot and Humid Environment by Evaporative Cooling MethodsTaejong Kang0Jihwan Park1Jooyoung Lee2Somang Son3Somi Yun4Dae Taek Lee5 Department of Sports Health Rehabilitation, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Sports Health Rehabilitation, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Sports Health Rehabilitation, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Sports Health Rehabilitation, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Sports Health Rehabilitation, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Sports Health Rehabilitation, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaOBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effects of evaporative cooling methods of ethanol or water sprays on Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE), Thermal Sensation (TS), Skin Temperature (ST), Tympanic Temperature (TT), and sweat loss during exercise in a hot and humid environment. METHODS Nine healthy men (24.1 ± 2.5 years, 70.3 ± 3.2 kg, 172.8 ± 2.5 cm) participated in three test conditions: Non-Spray (NS), Water Spray (WS), and Ethanol Spray (ES). All participants underwent 10 minutes of heat acclimation prior to each exercise session, then ran on a treadmill at 70% of their maximal aerobic capacity for 20 minutes in a chamber maintained at 29–31℃ and 75–85% relative humidity. Naked body weight and TT were measured before and after each trial. At 3 minutes after exercise onset, WS or ES was sprayed onto the skin in the corresponding conditions. Two minutes after spraying, ST was measured. This procedure was repeated four times during the exercise. Spray was applied evenly to the neck, chest, arms, and thighs using 3.0–3.5 mL per area, keeping a distance within 10 cm. RPE and TS were assessed before and after exercise in all conditions. RESULTS There were no significant differences in RPE, TS, and TT between conditions. Sweat rate and skin temperature were lower in the ES group compared to the other groups and showed significant differences between conditions and measuring time points (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that there were no significant differences in Ratings of Perceived Exertion, Thermal Sensation, and Tympanic Temperature between conditions. But ES induced a lower Skin Temperature and sweat loss over NS and WS. Although further studies are necessary, the results demonstrated a potential feasibility of ethanol spray for application.http://ajkinesiol.org/upload/pdf/ajk-2025-27-3-3.pdfethanol sprayevaporative coolinghot conditionsweat loss |
| spellingShingle | Taejong Kang Jihwan Park Jooyoung Lee Somang Son Somi Yun Dae Taek Lee Differences of Perceived Exertion, Thermal Sensation, Sweating, and Skin Temperature During Exercise in a Hot and Humid Environment by Evaporative Cooling Methods The Asian Journal of Kinesiology ethanol spray evaporative cooling hot condition sweat loss |
| title | Differences of Perceived Exertion, Thermal Sensation, Sweating, and Skin Temperature During Exercise in a Hot and Humid Environment by Evaporative Cooling Methods |
| title_full | Differences of Perceived Exertion, Thermal Sensation, Sweating, and Skin Temperature During Exercise in a Hot and Humid Environment by Evaporative Cooling Methods |
| title_fullStr | Differences of Perceived Exertion, Thermal Sensation, Sweating, and Skin Temperature During Exercise in a Hot and Humid Environment by Evaporative Cooling Methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differences of Perceived Exertion, Thermal Sensation, Sweating, and Skin Temperature During Exercise in a Hot and Humid Environment by Evaporative Cooling Methods |
| title_short | Differences of Perceived Exertion, Thermal Sensation, Sweating, and Skin Temperature During Exercise in a Hot and Humid Environment by Evaporative Cooling Methods |
| title_sort | differences of perceived exertion thermal sensation sweating and skin temperature during exercise in a hot and humid environment by evaporative cooling methods |
| topic | ethanol spray evaporative cooling hot condition sweat loss |
| url | http://ajkinesiol.org/upload/pdf/ajk-2025-27-3-3.pdf |
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