Iron Loading and Overloading due to Ineffective Erythropoiesis

Erythropoiesis describes the hematopoietic process of cell proliferation and differentiation that results in the production of mature circulating erythrocytes. Adult humans produce 200 billion erythrocytes daily, and approximately 1 billion iron molecules are incorporated into the hemoglobin contain...

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Main Authors: Toshihiko Tanno, Jeffery L. Miller
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2010-01-01
Series:Advances in Hematology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/358283
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author Toshihiko Tanno
Jeffery L. Miller
author_facet Toshihiko Tanno
Jeffery L. Miller
author_sort Toshihiko Tanno
collection DOAJ
description Erythropoiesis describes the hematopoietic process of cell proliferation and differentiation that results in the production of mature circulating erythrocytes. Adult humans produce 200 billion erythrocytes daily, and approximately 1 billion iron molecules are incorporated into the hemoglobin contained within each erythrocyte. Thus, iron usage for the hemoglobin production is a primary regulator of plasma iron supply and demand. In many anemias, additional sources of iron from diet and tissue stores are needed to meet the erythroid demand. Among a subset of anemias that arise from ineffective erythropoiesis, iron absorption and accumulation in the tissues increases to levels that are in excess of erythropoiesis demand even in the absence of transfusion. The mechanisms responsible for iron overloading due to ineffective erythropoiesis are not fully understood. Based upon data that is currently available, it is proposed in this review that loading and overloading of iron can be regulated by distinct or combined mechanisms associated with erythropoiesis. The concept of erythroid regulation of iron is broadened to include both physiological and pathological hepcidin suppression in cases of ineffective erythropoiesis.
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spelling doaj-art-38d9ca0310424a5bafb6b9acfd345cf12025-02-03T01:06:48ZengWileyAdvances in Hematology1687-91041687-91122010-01-01201010.1155/2010/358283358283Iron Loading and Overloading due to Ineffective ErythropoiesisToshihiko Tanno0Jeffery L. Miller1Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USAMolecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USAErythropoiesis describes the hematopoietic process of cell proliferation and differentiation that results in the production of mature circulating erythrocytes. Adult humans produce 200 billion erythrocytes daily, and approximately 1 billion iron molecules are incorporated into the hemoglobin contained within each erythrocyte. Thus, iron usage for the hemoglobin production is a primary regulator of plasma iron supply and demand. In many anemias, additional sources of iron from diet and tissue stores are needed to meet the erythroid demand. Among a subset of anemias that arise from ineffective erythropoiesis, iron absorption and accumulation in the tissues increases to levels that are in excess of erythropoiesis demand even in the absence of transfusion. The mechanisms responsible for iron overloading due to ineffective erythropoiesis are not fully understood. Based upon data that is currently available, it is proposed in this review that loading and overloading of iron can be regulated by distinct or combined mechanisms associated with erythropoiesis. The concept of erythroid regulation of iron is broadened to include both physiological and pathological hepcidin suppression in cases of ineffective erythropoiesis.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/358283
spellingShingle Toshihiko Tanno
Jeffery L. Miller
Iron Loading and Overloading due to Ineffective Erythropoiesis
Advances in Hematology
title Iron Loading and Overloading due to Ineffective Erythropoiesis
title_full Iron Loading and Overloading due to Ineffective Erythropoiesis
title_fullStr Iron Loading and Overloading due to Ineffective Erythropoiesis
title_full_unstemmed Iron Loading and Overloading due to Ineffective Erythropoiesis
title_short Iron Loading and Overloading due to Ineffective Erythropoiesis
title_sort iron loading and overloading due to ineffective erythropoiesis
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/358283
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