Exploration of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography: Theoretical aspects and practical considerations - A tutorial

Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) is a valuable tool for the analysis of very complex samples. LC×LC, which involves the coupling of two or more orthogonal separation systems, is a potential alternative to the conventional liquid-chromatography (1D-LC) approach. The profits...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Katia Arena, Francesco Cacciola, Roberto Laganà Vinci, Paola Dugo, Luigi Mondello
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Chromatography Open
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772391725000209
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849321305667534848
author Katia Arena
Francesco Cacciola
Roberto Laganà Vinci
Paola Dugo
Luigi Mondello
author_facet Katia Arena
Francesco Cacciola
Roberto Laganà Vinci
Paola Dugo
Luigi Mondello
author_sort Katia Arena
collection DOAJ
description Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) is a valuable tool for the analysis of very complex samples. LC×LC, which involves the coupling of two or more orthogonal separation systems, is a potential alternative to the conventional liquid-chromatography (1D-LC) approach. The profits of such a technique, compared to the 1D-LC approach, are the increased resolving power along with significant reduced ion enhancement or suppression phenomena in the MS source. This tutorial aims to provide detailed information on theoretical and practical aspects of the LC×LC approach with a particular focus on column combination, method optimization and separation performance. In addition, future perspectives and new trends are highlighted.
format Article
id doaj-art-38d76cd94ea74ce3be0c3f5008a46737
institution Kabale University
issn 2772-3917
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Journal of Chromatography Open
spelling doaj-art-38d76cd94ea74ce3be0c3f5008a467372025-08-20T03:49:46ZengElsevierJournal of Chromatography Open2772-39172025-05-01710022210.1016/j.jcoa.2025.100222Exploration of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography: Theoretical aspects and practical considerations - A tutorialKatia Arena0Francesco Cacciola1Roberto Laganà Vinci2Paola Dugo3Luigi Mondello4Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyMessina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; Corresponding author.Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyMessina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyMessina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyComprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) is a valuable tool for the analysis of very complex samples. LC×LC, which involves the coupling of two or more orthogonal separation systems, is a potential alternative to the conventional liquid-chromatography (1D-LC) approach. The profits of such a technique, compared to the 1D-LC approach, are the increased resolving power along with significant reduced ion enhancement or suppression phenomena in the MS source. This tutorial aims to provide detailed information on theoretical and practical aspects of the LC×LC approach with a particular focus on column combination, method optimization and separation performance. In addition, future perspectives and new trends are highlighted.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772391725000209LC×LCMultidimensional chromatographyComplex samples, method optimization
spellingShingle Katia Arena
Francesco Cacciola
Roberto Laganà Vinci
Paola Dugo
Luigi Mondello
Exploration of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography: Theoretical aspects and practical considerations - A tutorial
Journal of Chromatography Open
LC×LC
Multidimensional chromatography
Complex samples, method optimization
title Exploration of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography: Theoretical aspects and practical considerations - A tutorial
title_full Exploration of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography: Theoretical aspects and practical considerations - A tutorial
title_fullStr Exploration of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography: Theoretical aspects and practical considerations - A tutorial
title_full_unstemmed Exploration of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography: Theoretical aspects and practical considerations - A tutorial
title_short Exploration of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography: Theoretical aspects and practical considerations - A tutorial
title_sort exploration of comprehensive two dimensional liquid chromatography theoretical aspects and practical considerations a tutorial
topic LC×LC
Multidimensional chromatography
Complex samples, method optimization
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772391725000209
work_keys_str_mv AT katiaarena explorationofcomprehensivetwodimensionalliquidchromatographytheoreticalaspectsandpracticalconsiderationsatutorial
AT francescocacciola explorationofcomprehensivetwodimensionalliquidchromatographytheoreticalaspectsandpracticalconsiderationsatutorial
AT robertolaganavinci explorationofcomprehensivetwodimensionalliquidchromatographytheoreticalaspectsandpracticalconsiderationsatutorial
AT paoladugo explorationofcomprehensivetwodimensionalliquidchromatographytheoreticalaspectsandpracticalconsiderationsatutorial
AT luigimondello explorationofcomprehensivetwodimensionalliquidchromatographytheoreticalaspectsandpracticalconsiderationsatutorial