Eurasian 1C swine influenza A virus exhibits high pandemic risk traits
Recent surveillance has identified an expansion of swine H1 1C influenza viruses in Eurasian swine. Since 2010, at least 21 spillover events of 1C virus into humans have been detected and three of these occurred from July to December of 2023. Pandemic risk assessment of H1 1C influenza virus reveale...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2492210 |
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| author | Valerie Le Sage Carine K. Souza Nicole C. Rockey Meredith Shephard Giovana C. Zanella Bailey Arruda Shengyang Wang Elizabeth M. Drapeau Joshua D. Doyle Lingqing Xu Dominique J. Barbeau James C. Paulson Anita K. McElroy Scott E. Hensley Tavis K. Anderson Amy L. Vincent Baker Seema S. Lakdawala |
| author_facet | Valerie Le Sage Carine K. Souza Nicole C. Rockey Meredith Shephard Giovana C. Zanella Bailey Arruda Shengyang Wang Elizabeth M. Drapeau Joshua D. Doyle Lingqing Xu Dominique J. Barbeau James C. Paulson Anita K. McElroy Scott E. Hensley Tavis K. Anderson Amy L. Vincent Baker Seema S. Lakdawala |
| author_sort | Valerie Le Sage |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent surveillance has identified an expansion of swine H1 1C influenza viruses in Eurasian swine. Since 2010, at least 21 spillover events of 1C virus into humans have been detected and three of these occurred from July to December of 2023. Pandemic risk assessment of H1 1C influenza virus revealed that individuals born after 1950 had limited cross-reactive antibodies, confirming that they are antigenically novel viruses. The 1C virus exhibited phenotypic signatures similar to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, including human receptor preference, productive replication in human airway cells, and robust environmental stability. Efficient inter- and intraspecies airborne transmission using the swine and ferret models was observed, including efficient airborne transmission to ferrets with pre-existing human seasonal H1N1 immunity. Together our data suggest H1 1C influenza virus poses a relatively high pandemic risk. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-38c87fa171d84570b84d908ff2698e58 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj-art-38c87fa171d84570b84d908ff2698e582025-08-20T02:27:24ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512025-12-0114110.1080/22221751.2025.2492210Eurasian 1C swine influenza A virus exhibits high pandemic risk traitsValerie Le Sage0Carine K. Souza1Nicole C. Rockey2Meredith Shephard3Giovana C. Zanella4Bailey Arruda5Shengyang Wang6Elizabeth M. Drapeau7Joshua D. Doyle8Lingqing Xu9Dominique J. Barbeau10James C. Paulson11Anita K. McElroy12Scott E. Hensley13Tavis K. Anderson14Amy L. Vincent Baker15Seema S. Lakdawala16Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USAVirus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USADepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USAVirus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USAVirus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USADepartments of Molecular Medicine and Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USADepartment of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USACenter for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USACenter for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USACenter for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USADepartments of Molecular Medicine and Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USACenter for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USADepartment of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USAVirus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USAVirus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USARecent surveillance has identified an expansion of swine H1 1C influenza viruses in Eurasian swine. Since 2010, at least 21 spillover events of 1C virus into humans have been detected and three of these occurred from July to December of 2023. Pandemic risk assessment of H1 1C influenza virus revealed that individuals born after 1950 had limited cross-reactive antibodies, confirming that they are antigenically novel viruses. The 1C virus exhibited phenotypic signatures similar to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, including human receptor preference, productive replication in human airway cells, and robust environmental stability. Efficient inter- and intraspecies airborne transmission using the swine and ferret models was observed, including efficient airborne transmission to ferrets with pre-existing human seasonal H1N1 immunity. Together our data suggest H1 1C influenza virus poses a relatively high pandemic risk.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2492210Influenza virusswinepre-existing immunitytransmissionpandemic risk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Valerie Le Sage Carine K. Souza Nicole C. Rockey Meredith Shephard Giovana C. Zanella Bailey Arruda Shengyang Wang Elizabeth M. Drapeau Joshua D. Doyle Lingqing Xu Dominique J. Barbeau James C. Paulson Anita K. McElroy Scott E. Hensley Tavis K. Anderson Amy L. Vincent Baker Seema S. Lakdawala Eurasian 1C swine influenza A virus exhibits high pandemic risk traits Emerging Microbes and Infections Influenza virus swine pre-existing immunity transmission pandemic risk assessment |
| title | Eurasian 1C swine influenza A virus exhibits high pandemic risk traits |
| title_full | Eurasian 1C swine influenza A virus exhibits high pandemic risk traits |
| title_fullStr | Eurasian 1C swine influenza A virus exhibits high pandemic risk traits |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eurasian 1C swine influenza A virus exhibits high pandemic risk traits |
| title_short | Eurasian 1C swine influenza A virus exhibits high pandemic risk traits |
| title_sort | eurasian 1c swine influenza a virus exhibits high pandemic risk traits |
| topic | Influenza virus swine pre-existing immunity transmission pandemic risk assessment |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2492210 |
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