Mechanisms and immune crosstalk of neutrophil extracellular traps in response to infection

ABSTRACT Neutrophil extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in a process called NETosis provides immune defense against extracellular bacteria. It has been observed that bacteria are capable of activating neutrophils to release NETs that subsequently kill them or at least prevent their lo...

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Main Authors: Qi Liu, Ruke Chen, Ziyan Zhang, Zhou Sha, Haibo Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Society for Microbiology 2025-05-01
Series:mBio
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.00189-25
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author Qi Liu
Ruke Chen
Ziyan Zhang
Zhou Sha
Haibo Wu
author_facet Qi Liu
Ruke Chen
Ziyan Zhang
Zhou Sha
Haibo Wu
author_sort Qi Liu
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Neutrophil extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in a process called NETosis provides immune defense against extracellular bacteria. It has been observed that bacteria are capable of activating neutrophils to release NETs that subsequently kill them or at least prevent their local spread within host tissue. However, existing studies have mainly focused on the isolated function of NETs, with less attention given to their anti-bacterial mechanisms through interactions with other immune cell populations. The net effect of these complex intercellular interactions, which may act additively, synergistically, or antagonistically, is a critical determinant in the outcomes of host–pathogen interactions. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying classic NET formation and their crosstalk with the immune system, offering novel insights aimed at balancing the anti-microbial function with their potential inflammatory risks.
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publisher American Society for Microbiology
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spelling doaj-art-38c4f41e0c24464bbaf26ef77d1b6de62025-08-20T02:25:02ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologymBio2150-75112025-05-0116510.1128/mbio.00189-25Mechanisms and immune crosstalk of neutrophil extracellular traps in response to infectionQi Liu0Ruke Chen1Ziyan Zhang2Zhou Sha3Haibo Wu4School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, ChinaABSTRACT Neutrophil extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in a process called NETosis provides immune defense against extracellular bacteria. It has been observed that bacteria are capable of activating neutrophils to release NETs that subsequently kill them or at least prevent their local spread within host tissue. However, existing studies have mainly focused on the isolated function of NETs, with less attention given to their anti-bacterial mechanisms through interactions with other immune cell populations. The net effect of these complex intercellular interactions, which may act additively, synergistically, or antagonistically, is a critical determinant in the outcomes of host–pathogen interactions. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying classic NET formation and their crosstalk with the immune system, offering novel insights aimed at balancing the anti-microbial function with their potential inflammatory risks.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.00189-25neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)bacterial infectionevasionneutrophilinnate immunityadaptive immunity
spellingShingle Qi Liu
Ruke Chen
Ziyan Zhang
Zhou Sha
Haibo Wu
Mechanisms and immune crosstalk of neutrophil extracellular traps in response to infection
mBio
neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)
bacterial infection
evasion
neutrophil
innate immunity
adaptive immunity
title Mechanisms and immune crosstalk of neutrophil extracellular traps in response to infection
title_full Mechanisms and immune crosstalk of neutrophil extracellular traps in response to infection
title_fullStr Mechanisms and immune crosstalk of neutrophil extracellular traps in response to infection
title_full_unstemmed Mechanisms and immune crosstalk of neutrophil extracellular traps in response to infection
title_short Mechanisms and immune crosstalk of neutrophil extracellular traps in response to infection
title_sort mechanisms and immune crosstalk of neutrophil extracellular traps in response to infection
topic neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)
bacterial infection
evasion
neutrophil
innate immunity
adaptive immunity
url https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.00189-25
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