Time-Dependent ECG-AI Prediction of Fatal Coronary Heart Disease: A Retrospective Study

<b>Background</b>: Fatal coronary heart disease (FCHD) affects ~650,000 people yearly in the US. Electrocardiographic artificial intelligence (ECG-AI) models can predict adverse coronary events, yet their application to FCHD is understudied. <b>Objectives</b>: The study aimed...

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Main Authors: Liam Butler, Alexander Ivanov, Turgay Celik, Ibrahim Karabayir, Lokesh Chinthala, Mohammad S. Tootooni, Byron C. Jaeger, Luke T. Patterson, Adam J. Doerr, David D. McManus, Robert L. Davis, David Herrington, Oguz Akbilgic
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/11/12/395
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Summary:<b>Background</b>: Fatal coronary heart disease (FCHD) affects ~650,000 people yearly in the US. Electrocardiographic artificial intelligence (ECG-AI) models can predict adverse coronary events, yet their application to FCHD is understudied. <b>Objectives</b>: The study aimed to develop ECG-AI models predicting FCHD risk from ECGs. <b>Methods (Retrospective)</b>: Data from 10 s 12-lead ECGs and demographic/clinical data from University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC) were used for model development. Of this dataset, 80% was used for training and 20% as holdout. Data from Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist (AHWFB) were used for external validation. We developed two separate convolutional neural network models using 12-lead and Lead I ECGs as inputs, and time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models using demographic/clinical data with ECG-AI outputs. Correlation of the predictions from the 12- and 1-lead ECG-AI models was assessed. <b>Results</b>: The UTHSC cohort included data from 50,132 patients with a mean age (SD) of 62.50 (14.80) years, of whom 53.4% were males and 48.5% African American. The AHWFB cohort included data from 2305 patients with a mean age (SD) of 63.04 (16.89) years, of whom 51.0% were males and 18.8% African American. The 12-lead and Lead I ECG-AI models resulted in validation AUCs of 0.84 and 0.85, respectively. The best overall model was the Cox model using simple demographics with Lead I ECG-AI output (D1-ECG-AI-Cox), with the following results: AUC = 0.87 (0.85–0.89), accuracy = 83%, sensitivity = 69%, specificity = 89%, negative predicted value (NPV) = 92% and positive predicted value (PPV) = 55% on the AHWFB validation cohort. For this, the 2-year FCHD risk prediction accuracy was AUC = 0.91 (0.90–0.92). The 12-lead versus Lead I ECG FCHD risk prediction showed strong correlation (R = 0.74). <b>Conclusions</b>: The 2-year FCHD risk can be predicted with high accuracy from single-lead ECGs, further improving when combined with demographic information.
ISSN:2308-3425