Endocrine-disrupting compounds in urban rivers of the southern border of Mexico: Occurrence and ecological risk assessment

The occurrence of seven endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in four urban rivers on the southern border of Mexico was studied in this work. The selected EDCs were 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), 4-nonylphenol (4NP) and 4-tert-octy...

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Main Authors: Khirbet López-Velázquez, José G. Ronderos-Lara, Hugo A. Saldarriaga-Noreña, Mario A. Murillo-Tovar, Minerva Villanueva-Rodríguez, Jorge L. Guzmán-Mar, Edwin R. Hoil-Canul, José L. Cabellos-Quiroz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-03-01
Series:Emerging Contaminants
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024001574
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author Khirbet López-Velázquez
José G. Ronderos-Lara
Hugo A. Saldarriaga-Noreña
Mario A. Murillo-Tovar
Minerva Villanueva-Rodríguez
Jorge L. Guzmán-Mar
Edwin R. Hoil-Canul
José L. Cabellos-Quiroz
author_facet Khirbet López-Velázquez
José G. Ronderos-Lara
Hugo A. Saldarriaga-Noreña
Mario A. Murillo-Tovar
Minerva Villanueva-Rodríguez
Jorge L. Guzmán-Mar
Edwin R. Hoil-Canul
José L. Cabellos-Quiroz
author_sort Khirbet López-Velázquez
collection DOAJ
description The occurrence of seven endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in four urban rivers on the southern border of Mexico was studied in this work. The selected EDCs were 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), 4-nonylphenol (4NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4TOP). Water samples from the Coatan, Texcuyuapan, Cahoacan, and Coatancito rivers were collected at three different sites on each river and processed by solid phase extraction (SPE). The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and compounds of interest were identified by dynamic mass reaction monitoring mode (dMRM). Among the target EDCs, E2, BPA, and 4NP were detected in all water samples, with BPA being the most abundant ranging from 4.22 up to 127.96 ng/L. Correlation tests showed significant positive associations between estrogens and BPA, as well as the correlation between alkylphenols and BPA, suggesting common origin emission sources, which were identified as discharges of untreated municipal wastewater. Finally, the estimation of RQ and EEQ values indicated that the presence of E2, E3, EE2, and BPA in all sampled points represents a high risk for aquatic life in these sites, mainly for Texcuyuapan River, where the aquatic organisms may be susceptible to endocrine disruption by chronic exposure to detected compounds.
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spelling doaj-art-389cff6914d44ff3a2c111ca2c26b04b2025-08-20T02:17:29ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Emerging Contaminants2405-66502025-03-0111110045610.1016/j.emcon.2024.100456Endocrine-disrupting compounds in urban rivers of the southern border of Mexico: Occurrence and ecological risk assessmentKhirbet López-Velázquez0José G. Ronderos-Lara1Hugo A. Saldarriaga-Noreña2Mario A. Murillo-Tovar3Minerva Villanueva-Rodríguez4Jorge L. Guzmán-Mar5Edwin R. Hoil-Canul6José L. Cabellos-Quiroz7CONAHCYT - Universidad Politécnica de Tapachula, C.P. 30830, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico; Corresponding author.Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo Xalpa 420, Col. Nueva el Rosario, Azcapotzalco, CDMX, C.P. 02128, MexicoCentro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62209, Mexico; Corresponding author.CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62209, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, MexicoUniversidad Politécnica de Tapachula, Carretera Tapachula - Puerto Madero, Km. 24 + 300, Tapachula, Chiapas, C.P. 30830, MexicoUniversidad Politécnica de Tapachula, Carretera Tapachula - Puerto Madero, Km. 24 + 300, Tapachula, Chiapas, C.P. 30830, MexicoThe occurrence of seven endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in four urban rivers on the southern border of Mexico was studied in this work. The selected EDCs were 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), 4-nonylphenol (4NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4TOP). Water samples from the Coatan, Texcuyuapan, Cahoacan, and Coatancito rivers were collected at three different sites on each river and processed by solid phase extraction (SPE). The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and compounds of interest were identified by dynamic mass reaction monitoring mode (dMRM). Among the target EDCs, E2, BPA, and 4NP were detected in all water samples, with BPA being the most abundant ranging from 4.22 up to 127.96 ng/L. Correlation tests showed significant positive associations between estrogens and BPA, as well as the correlation between alkylphenols and BPA, suggesting common origin emission sources, which were identified as discharges of untreated municipal wastewater. Finally, the estimation of RQ and EEQ values indicated that the presence of E2, E3, EE2, and BPA in all sampled points represents a high risk for aquatic life in these sites, mainly for Texcuyuapan River, where the aquatic organisms may be susceptible to endocrine disruption by chronic exposure to detected compounds.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024001574Environmental riskGC-MS/MSUrban riversWater pollutionWastewater
spellingShingle Khirbet López-Velázquez
José G. Ronderos-Lara
Hugo A. Saldarriaga-Noreña
Mario A. Murillo-Tovar
Minerva Villanueva-Rodríguez
Jorge L. Guzmán-Mar
Edwin R. Hoil-Canul
José L. Cabellos-Quiroz
Endocrine-disrupting compounds in urban rivers of the southern border of Mexico: Occurrence and ecological risk assessment
Emerging Contaminants
Environmental risk
GC-MS/MS
Urban rivers
Water pollution
Wastewater
title Endocrine-disrupting compounds in urban rivers of the southern border of Mexico: Occurrence and ecological risk assessment
title_full Endocrine-disrupting compounds in urban rivers of the southern border of Mexico: Occurrence and ecological risk assessment
title_fullStr Endocrine-disrupting compounds in urban rivers of the southern border of Mexico: Occurrence and ecological risk assessment
title_full_unstemmed Endocrine-disrupting compounds in urban rivers of the southern border of Mexico: Occurrence and ecological risk assessment
title_short Endocrine-disrupting compounds in urban rivers of the southern border of Mexico: Occurrence and ecological risk assessment
title_sort endocrine disrupting compounds in urban rivers of the southern border of mexico occurrence and ecological risk assessment
topic Environmental risk
GC-MS/MS
Urban rivers
Water pollution
Wastewater
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024001574
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