Understanding forest fragmentation dynamics and identifying drivers for forest cover loss using random forest models to develop effective forest management strategies in North-East India

Deforestation poses a significant conservation challenge on a global scale, endangering both plant life and the interconnected animal communities reliant upon it. This loss is primarily propelled by anthropogenic activities, emphasizing the need for meticulous monitoring tools tailored to the intric...

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Main Authors: Soumik Mahapatra, Bishal Kumar Majhi, Mriganka Shekhar Sarkar, Debajit Datta, Arun Pratap Mishra, Upaka Rathnayake
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025007170
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author Soumik Mahapatra
Bishal Kumar Majhi
Mriganka Shekhar Sarkar
Debajit Datta
Arun Pratap Mishra
Upaka Rathnayake
author_facet Soumik Mahapatra
Bishal Kumar Majhi
Mriganka Shekhar Sarkar
Debajit Datta
Arun Pratap Mishra
Upaka Rathnayake
author_sort Soumik Mahapatra
collection DOAJ
description Deforestation poses a significant conservation challenge on a global scale, endangering both plant life and the interconnected animal communities reliant upon it. This loss is primarily propelled by anthropogenic activities, emphasizing the need for meticulous monitoring tools tailored to the intricacies of regional socio-political and cultural dynamics influencing forest loss within specific regions. This study utilized advanced remote sensing technologies, employing Landsat imagery on the Google Earth Engine platform, to generate detailed Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) classifications spanning three decades (1991–2021), revealing significant landscape changes over time. Forest fragmentation patterns and loss were analyzed using spatial metrics derived from FRAGSTATS to assess ecological impacts. Furthermore, spatial and non-spatial Random Forest regression techniques were employed to identify key drivers of forest loss within the landscape. The assessment of deforestation identifies a significant ∼9% reduction, particularly in the plains of Assam, Manipur, and Meghalaya, with substantial changes in AREA, PERIM, and SHAPE (p < 0.05). Landscape fragmentation analysis revealed the susceptibility of peripheral forest zones and forest perforation to rapid deforestration. Human population density, forest-to-population ratio, and mean temperature emerged as key drivers of forest loss, with elevated temperatures augmenting forest fire risks. Conversely, rugged terrain and high rainfall negatively impacted forest loss in less inaccessible areas of the region. Our study underscores the urgent need for evidence-based conservation strategies and sustainable land use practices in the North East Indian Region. By integrating remote sensing and modeling techniques, our approach offers a template for regional analysis worldwide, informing policy-making and ground-based management efforts to safeguard terrestrial forest ecosystems.
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spelling doaj-art-387da3be86524a9ca773dc5a74c5d3922025-08-20T02:50:55ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-06-012610464010.1016/j.rineng.2025.104640Understanding forest fragmentation dynamics and identifying drivers for forest cover loss using random forest models to develop effective forest management strategies in North-East IndiaSoumik Mahapatra0Bishal Kumar Majhi1Mriganka Shekhar Sarkar2Debajit Datta3Arun Pratap Mishra4Upaka Rathnayake5North East Regional Centre, Govind Ballabh Pant 'National Institute of Himalayan Environment' (NIHE), Chandranagar, Itanagar - 791113 Arunachal Pradesh, IndiaNorth East Regional Centre, Govind Ballabh Pant 'National Institute of Himalayan Environment' (NIHE), Chandranagar, Itanagar - 791113 Arunachal Pradesh, IndiaNorth East Regional Centre, Govind Ballabh Pant 'National Institute of Himalayan Environment' (NIHE), Chandranagar, Itanagar - 791113 Arunachal Pradesh, India; Corresponding authors.Department of Geography, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaDepartment of Forestry and Remote Sensing, Earthtree Enviro Private Limited, Shillong 793012, Meghalaya, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering and Construction, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland; Corresponding authors.Deforestation poses a significant conservation challenge on a global scale, endangering both plant life and the interconnected animal communities reliant upon it. This loss is primarily propelled by anthropogenic activities, emphasizing the need for meticulous monitoring tools tailored to the intricacies of regional socio-political and cultural dynamics influencing forest loss within specific regions. This study utilized advanced remote sensing technologies, employing Landsat imagery on the Google Earth Engine platform, to generate detailed Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) classifications spanning three decades (1991–2021), revealing significant landscape changes over time. Forest fragmentation patterns and loss were analyzed using spatial metrics derived from FRAGSTATS to assess ecological impacts. Furthermore, spatial and non-spatial Random Forest regression techniques were employed to identify key drivers of forest loss within the landscape. The assessment of deforestation identifies a significant ∼9% reduction, particularly in the plains of Assam, Manipur, and Meghalaya, with substantial changes in AREA, PERIM, and SHAPE (p < 0.05). Landscape fragmentation analysis revealed the susceptibility of peripheral forest zones and forest perforation to rapid deforestration. Human population density, forest-to-population ratio, and mean temperature emerged as key drivers of forest loss, with elevated temperatures augmenting forest fire risks. Conversely, rugged terrain and high rainfall negatively impacted forest loss in less inaccessible areas of the region. Our study underscores the urgent need for evidence-based conservation strategies and sustainable land use practices in the North East Indian Region. By integrating remote sensing and modeling techniques, our approach offers a template for regional analysis worldwide, informing policy-making and ground-based management efforts to safeguard terrestrial forest ecosystems.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025007170Forest lossFRAGSTATSCount-regressionSpatial random forestTransition matrixNorth-East India
spellingShingle Soumik Mahapatra
Bishal Kumar Majhi
Mriganka Shekhar Sarkar
Debajit Datta
Arun Pratap Mishra
Upaka Rathnayake
Understanding forest fragmentation dynamics and identifying drivers for forest cover loss using random forest models to develop effective forest management strategies in North-East India
Results in Engineering
Forest loss
FRAGSTATS
Count-regression
Spatial random forest
Transition matrix
North-East India
title Understanding forest fragmentation dynamics and identifying drivers for forest cover loss using random forest models to develop effective forest management strategies in North-East India
title_full Understanding forest fragmentation dynamics and identifying drivers for forest cover loss using random forest models to develop effective forest management strategies in North-East India
title_fullStr Understanding forest fragmentation dynamics and identifying drivers for forest cover loss using random forest models to develop effective forest management strategies in North-East India
title_full_unstemmed Understanding forest fragmentation dynamics and identifying drivers for forest cover loss using random forest models to develop effective forest management strategies in North-East India
title_short Understanding forest fragmentation dynamics and identifying drivers for forest cover loss using random forest models to develop effective forest management strategies in North-East India
title_sort understanding forest fragmentation dynamics and identifying drivers for forest cover loss using random forest models to develop effective forest management strategies in north east india
topic Forest loss
FRAGSTATS
Count-regression
Spatial random forest
Transition matrix
North-East India
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025007170
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