Implementation of Principal Component Analysis (PCA)/Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Neural Networks in Constructing a Reduced-Order Model for Virtual Sensing of Mechanical Stress

This study presents the design and validation of a numerical method based on an AI-driven ROM framework for implementing stress virtual sensing. By leveraging Reduced-Order Models (ROMs), the research aims to develop a virtual stress transducer capable of the real-time monitoring of mechanical stres...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: M. A. Melgarejo, A. Pérez, D. Ruiz, A. Casas, F. González, V. González de Lena Alonso
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/24/8065
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Summary:This study presents the design and validation of a numerical method based on an AI-driven ROM framework for implementing stress virtual sensing. By leveraging Reduced-Order Models (ROMs), the research aims to develop a virtual stress transducer capable of the real-time monitoring of mechanical stresses in mechanical components previously analyzed with high-resolution FEM simulations under a wide range of multiple load scenarios. The ROM is constructed through neural networks trained on Finite Element Method (FEM) outputs from multiple scenarios, resulting in a simplified yet highly accurate model that can be easily implemented digitally. The ANN model achieves a prediction error of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>MAE</mi><mi>test</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0.04</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.06</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo> </mo><mi>MPa</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> for the instantaneous mechanical stress predictions, evaluated over the entire range of stress values (0 to 5.32 MPa) across the component structure. The virtual sensor is capable of producing a quasi-instantaneous, detailed full stress map of the component in just 0.13 s using the ROM, for any combination of 4-load inputs, compared to the 6 min and 31 s required by the FEM. Thus, the approach significantly reduces computational complexity while maintaining a high degree of precision, enabling efficient real-time monitoring. The proposed method’s effectiveness is demonstrated through rigorous ROM validation, underscoring its potential for stress control. This precise AI-driven procedure opens new horizons for predictive maintenance strategies centered on stress cycle monitoring.
ISSN:1424-8220