The effect of the MyBFF@school program on cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese primary schoolchildren: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Abstract Background MyBFF@school program consisting physical activity in the formed small-sided games (SSG), nutrition and psychology education was designed to combat obesity among schoolchildren in Malaysia. It was expected to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, hence, contributing to obesity treatm...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20723-2 |
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| author | Abdul Halim Mokhtar Muhammad Ashaari Kamarudin Alston Choong Lakvinder Singh Vinotha Genisan Abqariyah Yahya Ruziana Mona Wan Mohd Zin Fuziah Md. Zain Rusidah Selamat Zahari Ishak Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin |
| author_facet | Abdul Halim Mokhtar Muhammad Ashaari Kamarudin Alston Choong Lakvinder Singh Vinotha Genisan Abqariyah Yahya Ruziana Mona Wan Mohd Zin Fuziah Md. Zain Rusidah Selamat Zahari Ishak Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin |
| author_sort | Abdul Halim Mokhtar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background MyBFF@school program consisting physical activity in the formed small-sided games (SSG), nutrition and psychology education was designed to combat obesity among schoolchildren in Malaysia. It was expected to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, hence, contributing to obesity treatment and prevention. Thus, we aimed to study the effects of the MyBFF@school program on the cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight and obese primary schoolchildren. Methods Twenty-three out of 1196 government primary schools in central Peninsular Malaysia participated in this cluster-randomized control study. Schoolchildren aged 9–11 years with a body mass index (BMI) z-score greater than + 1 SD (WHO) were eligible for the study. The intervention group participated in the MyBFF@school program while the control followed the existing standard curriculum. The primary outcome was cardiorespiratory fitness using physical fitness score (PFS) measured by the modified Harvard step test. Data were collected at baseline, month-3 and month-6 and were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle using mixed linear models. Results A total of 954 schoolchildren completed six months follow up, with 439 (n = 439) in the intervention group (n = seven schools), while 515 (n = 515) in the control group (n = 16 schools). In the first three months, there was significant within-group PFS improvement in overall (both), girls (both) and obese (control). Comparing between-groups, the mean differences favored the control in most parameters, but were not significant: overall (-0.15(-0.75, 0.45), p = 0.83), boys (-0.07(-0.98, 0.83), p = 0.83), girls (-0.27(-1.27, 0.73), p = 0.81), overweight (-0.16(-1.28, 0.94), p = 0.97), obese (-0.05(-1.03, 0.92), p = 0.93), morbidly obese (-0.68(-2.43, 1.05), p = 0.26), urban (0.07(-0.79, 0.94), p = 0.45), and rural (-0.35(-1.34, 0.62), p = 0.30). At month-six, the within-group improvements maintained. However, the mean differences now favored the intervention group although they remained not significant: overall (0.05(-0.98, 1.07), p = 0.69), boys (0.06(-1.35, 1.46), p = 0.86), girls (0.10(-1.31, 1.51), p = 0.74), overweight (0.15(-1.07, 1.36), p = 0.93), obese (0.28(-0.98, 1.55), p = 0.75), morbidly obese (-0.79(-2.74, 1.15), p = 0.47), urban (0.61(-0.56, 1.77), p = 0.47), and rural (-0.69(-2.52, 1.14), p = 0.17). Conclusions MyBFF@school program showed positive trend in cardiorespiratory fitness changes especially after six months. MyBFF@school intervention program has the potential to combat obesity in primary schoolchildren and should be at least six months. Trial registration Clinical trial number: NCT04155255, November 7, 2019 (Retrospective registered). National Medical Research Register: NMRR-13-439-16563. Registered July 23, 2013. The intervention program was approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of Health, Malaysia and, the Educational Planning and Research Division (EPRD), Ministry of Education, Malaysia. It was funded by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-387334a6d0d14b0293d321515fb7d5d7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-387334a6d0d14b0293d321515fb7d5d72025-01-12T12:43:32ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-01-0124S111610.1186/s12889-024-20723-2The effect of the MyBFF@school program on cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese primary schoolchildren: a cluster randomized controlled trialAbdul Halim Mokhtar0Muhammad Ashaari Kamarudin1Alston Choong2Lakvinder Singh3Vinotha Genisan4Abqariyah Yahya5Ruziana Mona Wan Mohd Zin6Fuziah Md. Zain7Rusidah Selamat8Zahari Ishak9Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin10Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti MalayaUniversity of Malaya Consultancy Unit, Universiti MalayaDepartment of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti MalayaDepartment of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti MalayaDepartment of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti MalayaDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti MalayaDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti MalayaDepartment of Pediatrics, Putrajaya Hospital, Ministry of HealthNutrition Division, Level 1, Block E3, Complex E, Ministry of Health, Federal Government Administrative CentreFOSSLA, UCSI UniversityDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti MalayaAbstract Background MyBFF@school program consisting physical activity in the formed small-sided games (SSG), nutrition and psychology education was designed to combat obesity among schoolchildren in Malaysia. It was expected to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, hence, contributing to obesity treatment and prevention. Thus, we aimed to study the effects of the MyBFF@school program on the cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight and obese primary schoolchildren. Methods Twenty-three out of 1196 government primary schools in central Peninsular Malaysia participated in this cluster-randomized control study. Schoolchildren aged 9–11 years with a body mass index (BMI) z-score greater than + 1 SD (WHO) were eligible for the study. The intervention group participated in the MyBFF@school program while the control followed the existing standard curriculum. The primary outcome was cardiorespiratory fitness using physical fitness score (PFS) measured by the modified Harvard step test. Data were collected at baseline, month-3 and month-6 and were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle using mixed linear models. Results A total of 954 schoolchildren completed six months follow up, with 439 (n = 439) in the intervention group (n = seven schools), while 515 (n = 515) in the control group (n = 16 schools). In the first three months, there was significant within-group PFS improvement in overall (both), girls (both) and obese (control). Comparing between-groups, the mean differences favored the control in most parameters, but were not significant: overall (-0.15(-0.75, 0.45), p = 0.83), boys (-0.07(-0.98, 0.83), p = 0.83), girls (-0.27(-1.27, 0.73), p = 0.81), overweight (-0.16(-1.28, 0.94), p = 0.97), obese (-0.05(-1.03, 0.92), p = 0.93), morbidly obese (-0.68(-2.43, 1.05), p = 0.26), urban (0.07(-0.79, 0.94), p = 0.45), and rural (-0.35(-1.34, 0.62), p = 0.30). At month-six, the within-group improvements maintained. However, the mean differences now favored the intervention group although they remained not significant: overall (0.05(-0.98, 1.07), p = 0.69), boys (0.06(-1.35, 1.46), p = 0.86), girls (0.10(-1.31, 1.51), p = 0.74), overweight (0.15(-1.07, 1.36), p = 0.93), obese (0.28(-0.98, 1.55), p = 0.75), morbidly obese (-0.79(-2.74, 1.15), p = 0.47), urban (0.61(-0.56, 1.77), p = 0.47), and rural (-0.69(-2.52, 1.14), p = 0.17). Conclusions MyBFF@school program showed positive trend in cardiorespiratory fitness changes especially after six months. MyBFF@school intervention program has the potential to combat obesity in primary schoolchildren and should be at least six months. Trial registration Clinical trial number: NCT04155255, November 7, 2019 (Retrospective registered). National Medical Research Register: NMRR-13-439-16563. Registered July 23, 2013. The intervention program was approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of Health, Malaysia and, the Educational Planning and Research Division (EPRD), Ministry of Education, Malaysia. It was funded by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20723-2Primary School ChildrenOverweightObesityInterventionPhysical fitness |
| spellingShingle | Abdul Halim Mokhtar Muhammad Ashaari Kamarudin Alston Choong Lakvinder Singh Vinotha Genisan Abqariyah Yahya Ruziana Mona Wan Mohd Zin Fuziah Md. Zain Rusidah Selamat Zahari Ishak Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin The effect of the MyBFF@school program on cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese primary schoolchildren: a cluster randomized controlled trial BMC Public Health Primary School Children Overweight Obesity Intervention Physical fitness |
| title | The effect of the MyBFF@school program on cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese primary schoolchildren: a cluster randomized controlled trial |
| title_full | The effect of the MyBFF@school program on cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese primary schoolchildren: a cluster randomized controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | The effect of the MyBFF@school program on cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese primary schoolchildren: a cluster randomized controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of the MyBFF@school program on cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese primary schoolchildren: a cluster randomized controlled trial |
| title_short | The effect of the MyBFF@school program on cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese primary schoolchildren: a cluster randomized controlled trial |
| title_sort | effect of the mybff school program on cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese primary schoolchildren a cluster randomized controlled trial |
| topic | Primary School Children Overweight Obesity Intervention Physical fitness |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20723-2 |
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