Skeletal age prediction models by maturity status in male soccer players
Abstract This study focus is to develop a new model to estimate skeletal age (SA) as a function of the state of biological maturation in male soccer players, and to propose cut-off points to classify the state of biological maturation based on the percentage of adult height (PAH). SA was determined...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00402-x |
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| author | Luis Alberto Flores Christopher McLaren-Towlson Lidia G. De León Fabiana Bonito Pedro Mil-Homens Iván Peña-González Maria Isabel Fragoso |
| author_facet | Luis Alberto Flores Christopher McLaren-Towlson Lidia G. De León Fabiana Bonito Pedro Mil-Homens Iván Peña-González Maria Isabel Fragoso |
| author_sort | Luis Alberto Flores |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study focus is to develop a new model to estimate skeletal age (SA) as a function of the state of biological maturation in male soccer players, and to propose cut-off points to classify the state of biological maturation based on the percentage of adult height (PAH). SA was determined in 747 Portuguese male soccer players, using the Tanner-Whitehouse (TW) 3 method, and PAH was predicted by TW3 (P-TW3) and Khamis-Roche (P-KR) methods. Subsequently, the sensitivity and specificity of the P-TW3 were estimated to classify late, on-time and early maturers to obtain cut-off points, by age; and to develop specific equations for each maturation stage. Both the model using P-TW3 and the model using P-KR showed a SA predictive capacity of 93%. The average differences were similar to zero. P-TW3 cutoff points were established by ROC curve analysis to identify late and early maturers according to their SA. Following, predictive models were developed to estimate SA according to maturity status. The predictive capacity of the models was 87.3% in late maturers, 92.3% in on-time maturers and 93.5% in early maturers. The prediction models are a reliable and cost-effective method to estimate SA in male soccer players. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-386aa8dda5724ce6bfdd73c910021087 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-386aa8dda5724ce6bfdd73c9100210872025-08-20T02:00:12ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-00402-xSkeletal age prediction models by maturity status in male soccer playersLuis Alberto Flores0Christopher McLaren-Towlson1Lidia G. De León2Fabiana Bonito3Pedro Mil-Homens4Iván Peña-González5Maria Isabel Fragoso6Faculty of Physical Culture Sciences, Autonomous University of ChihuahuaUniversity of HullFaculty of Physical Culture Sciences, Autonomous University of ChihuahuaLaboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de LisboaNeuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de LisboaSports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences), Miguel Hernández University of ElcheLaboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de LisboaAbstract This study focus is to develop a new model to estimate skeletal age (SA) as a function of the state of biological maturation in male soccer players, and to propose cut-off points to classify the state of biological maturation based on the percentage of adult height (PAH). SA was determined in 747 Portuguese male soccer players, using the Tanner-Whitehouse (TW) 3 method, and PAH was predicted by TW3 (P-TW3) and Khamis-Roche (P-KR) methods. Subsequently, the sensitivity and specificity of the P-TW3 were estimated to classify late, on-time and early maturers to obtain cut-off points, by age; and to develop specific equations for each maturation stage. Both the model using P-TW3 and the model using P-KR showed a SA predictive capacity of 93%. The average differences were similar to zero. P-TW3 cutoff points were established by ROC curve analysis to identify late and early maturers according to their SA. Following, predictive models were developed to estimate SA according to maturity status. The predictive capacity of the models was 87.3% in late maturers, 92.3% in on-time maturers and 93.5% in early maturers. The prediction models are a reliable and cost-effective method to estimate SA in male soccer players.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00402-xBiological maturitySoccer playersSkeletal agePercentage of adult height |
| spellingShingle | Luis Alberto Flores Christopher McLaren-Towlson Lidia G. De León Fabiana Bonito Pedro Mil-Homens Iván Peña-González Maria Isabel Fragoso Skeletal age prediction models by maturity status in male soccer players Scientific Reports Biological maturity Soccer players Skeletal age Percentage of adult height |
| title | Skeletal age prediction models by maturity status in male soccer players |
| title_full | Skeletal age prediction models by maturity status in male soccer players |
| title_fullStr | Skeletal age prediction models by maturity status in male soccer players |
| title_full_unstemmed | Skeletal age prediction models by maturity status in male soccer players |
| title_short | Skeletal age prediction models by maturity status in male soccer players |
| title_sort | skeletal age prediction models by maturity status in male soccer players |
| topic | Biological maturity Soccer players Skeletal age Percentage of adult height |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00402-x |
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