Mechanism of TiO2 nanotube UV-photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic resistance genes in the wastewater sludge and blocking of the transfer

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sludge propagate via horizontal gene transfer (HGT), necessitating advanced mitigation strategies. This study demonstrates TiO2 nanotube UV photocatalysis effectively degrades ARGs (70.6–82.5% reduction) and suppresses HGT by targeting mobile genetic elements (M...

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Main Authors: Hang Yu, Xu Zhang, Jingyi Zhao, Tiantian Sun, Yimin Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Environmental Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1590101/full
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author Hang Yu
Xu Zhang
Jingyi Zhao
Tiantian Sun
Yimin Zhu
author_facet Hang Yu
Xu Zhang
Jingyi Zhao
Tiantian Sun
Yimin Zhu
author_sort Hang Yu
collection DOAJ
description Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sludge propagate via horizontal gene transfer (HGT), necessitating advanced mitigation strategies. This study demonstrates TiO2 nanotube UV photocatalysis effectively degrades ARGs (70.6–82.5% reduction) and suppresses HGT by targeting mobile genetic elements (MGEs; 93.4–97.1% removal). Hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes (anatase phase) generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducing oxidative DNA damage and cell lysis, preferentially eliminating intracellular ARGs (33.5–46.6% decline) while converting them to extracellular forms. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (tnpA-04/intI1) were selectively fragmented via ROS, outperforming HOCl-based systems. Microbial analysis revealed Proteobacteria (e.g., Kofleria) as key ARG hosts, whose decline correlated with resistance reduction (p<0.05). Radiation-resistant Deinococcus dominated post-treatment communities but lacked ARG associations, indicating non-transmissible residual risks. Spatial-specific degradation mechanisms emerged: UV directly fragmented chromosomal ARGs, while ROS oxidized plasmid-borne MGEs, achieving dual ARG elimination and HGT blockade. The intracellular-to-extracellular ARG shift and host-MGE decoupling confirmed transmission disruption. This work establishes TiO2 photocatalysis as a paradigm for sludge treatment, synchronizing ARG removal and environmental risk mitigation through ROS-microbe-DNA interplay.
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spelling doaj-art-3854eaf2f4ec4206adbd42f754ec12d22025-08-20T03:52:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2025-05-011310.3389/fenvs.2025.15901011590101Mechanism of TiO2 nanotube UV-photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic resistance genes in the wastewater sludge and blocking of the transferHang YuXu ZhangJingyi ZhaoTiantian SunYimin ZhuAntibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sludge propagate via horizontal gene transfer (HGT), necessitating advanced mitigation strategies. This study demonstrates TiO2 nanotube UV photocatalysis effectively degrades ARGs (70.6–82.5% reduction) and suppresses HGT by targeting mobile genetic elements (MGEs; 93.4–97.1% removal). Hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes (anatase phase) generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducing oxidative DNA damage and cell lysis, preferentially eliminating intracellular ARGs (33.5–46.6% decline) while converting them to extracellular forms. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (tnpA-04/intI1) were selectively fragmented via ROS, outperforming HOCl-based systems. Microbial analysis revealed Proteobacteria (e.g., Kofleria) as key ARG hosts, whose decline correlated with resistance reduction (p<0.05). Radiation-resistant Deinococcus dominated post-treatment communities but lacked ARG associations, indicating non-transmissible residual risks. Spatial-specific degradation mechanisms emerged: UV directly fragmented chromosomal ARGs, while ROS oxidized plasmid-borne MGEs, achieving dual ARG elimination and HGT blockade. The intracellular-to-extracellular ARG shift and host-MGE decoupling confirmed transmission disruption. This work establishes TiO2 photocatalysis as a paradigm for sludge treatment, synchronizing ARG removal and environmental risk mitigation through ROS-microbe-DNA interplay.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1590101/fullantibiotic resistance genewastewater sludgeUV photocatalysisTiO2 nanotubeextracellular antibiotic resistance geneintracellular antibiotic resistance gene
spellingShingle Hang Yu
Xu Zhang
Jingyi Zhao
Tiantian Sun
Yimin Zhu
Mechanism of TiO2 nanotube UV-photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic resistance genes in the wastewater sludge and blocking of the transfer
Frontiers in Environmental Science
antibiotic resistance gene
wastewater sludge
UV photocatalysis
TiO2 nanotube
extracellular antibiotic resistance gene
intracellular antibiotic resistance gene
title Mechanism of TiO2 nanotube UV-photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic resistance genes in the wastewater sludge and blocking of the transfer
title_full Mechanism of TiO2 nanotube UV-photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic resistance genes in the wastewater sludge and blocking of the transfer
title_fullStr Mechanism of TiO2 nanotube UV-photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic resistance genes in the wastewater sludge and blocking of the transfer
title_full_unstemmed Mechanism of TiO2 nanotube UV-photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic resistance genes in the wastewater sludge and blocking of the transfer
title_short Mechanism of TiO2 nanotube UV-photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic resistance genes in the wastewater sludge and blocking of the transfer
title_sort mechanism of tio2 nanotube uv photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic resistance genes in the wastewater sludge and blocking of the transfer
topic antibiotic resistance gene
wastewater sludge
UV photocatalysis
TiO2 nanotube
extracellular antibiotic resistance gene
intracellular antibiotic resistance gene
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1590101/full
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