Galactogram for investigation of pathological nipple discharge: A forgotten arrow in the radiologists' quiver?

Conventional X-ray galactogram (CG) is an underutilized procedure in modern breast imaging despite offering the highest spatial resolution among all modalities available for imaging of the breast ducts. The superior diagnostic performance of CG as compared to that of both conventional mammogram and...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Argha Chatterjee, Swapnil Bhagat, Monika Lamba Saini, Sanjeev Verma, Kamal S Saini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2018-01-01
Series:Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.ijmpo.org/article.asp?issn=0971-5851;year=2018;volume=39;issue=1;spage=96;epage=99;aulast=Chatterjee
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849704548887691264
author Argha Chatterjee
Swapnil Bhagat
Monika Lamba Saini
Sanjeev Verma
Kamal S Saini
author_facet Argha Chatterjee
Swapnil Bhagat
Monika Lamba Saini
Sanjeev Verma
Kamal S Saini
author_sort Argha Chatterjee
collection DOAJ
description Conventional X-ray galactogram (CG) is an underutilized procedure in modern breast imaging despite offering the highest spatial resolution among all modalities available for imaging of the breast ducts. The superior diagnostic performance of CG as compared to that of both conventional mammogram and high-resolution ultrasonography makes it a valuable imaging modality for the evaluation of pathological nipple discharge (PND). In addition, CG should always be considered in women with bloody nipple discharge but normal ultrasound and mammogram. CG also has an important role in the preoperative localization of intraductal lesions. CG may be especially useful in resource-restricted settings where breast magnetic resonance imaging is not readily available as it can be easily performed at any mammography facility without the need for additional equipment. In this article, we describe two cases of PND, one of benign and the other of malignant etiology, to demonstrate the value of CG in these cases. We also review the current literature and compare CG with other modalities used for imaging of ductal system of the breast.
format Article
id doaj-art-383f4f4c74d9432aa0bbcf0a41a3b271
institution DOAJ
issn 0971-5851
language English
publishDate 2018-01-01
publisher Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
record_format Article
series Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology
spelling doaj-art-383f4f4c74d9432aa0bbcf0a41a3b2712025-08-20T03:16:43ZengThieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology0971-58512018-01-01391969910.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_33_17Galactogram for investigation of pathological nipple discharge: A forgotten arrow in the radiologists' quiver?Argha ChatterjeeSwapnil BhagatMonika Lamba SainiSanjeev VermaKamal S SainiConventional X-ray galactogram (CG) is an underutilized procedure in modern breast imaging despite offering the highest spatial resolution among all modalities available for imaging of the breast ducts. The superior diagnostic performance of CG as compared to that of both conventional mammogram and high-resolution ultrasonography makes it a valuable imaging modality for the evaluation of pathological nipple discharge (PND). In addition, CG should always be considered in women with bloody nipple discharge but normal ultrasound and mammogram. CG also has an important role in the preoperative localization of intraductal lesions. CG may be especially useful in resource-restricted settings where breast magnetic resonance imaging is not readily available as it can be easily performed at any mammography facility without the need for additional equipment. In this article, we describe two cases of PND, one of benign and the other of malignant etiology, to demonstrate the value of CG in these cases. We also review the current literature and compare CG with other modalities used for imaging of ductal system of the breast.http://www.ijmpo.org/article.asp?issn=0971-5851;year=2018;volume=39;issue=1;spage=96;epage=99;aulast=ChatterjeeBreast imagingcancergalactogrammammographynipple discharge
spellingShingle Argha Chatterjee
Swapnil Bhagat
Monika Lamba Saini
Sanjeev Verma
Kamal S Saini
Galactogram for investigation of pathological nipple discharge: A forgotten arrow in the radiologists' quiver?
Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology
Breast imaging
cancer
galactogram
mammography
nipple discharge
title Galactogram for investigation of pathological nipple discharge: A forgotten arrow in the radiologists' quiver?
title_full Galactogram for investigation of pathological nipple discharge: A forgotten arrow in the radiologists' quiver?
title_fullStr Galactogram for investigation of pathological nipple discharge: A forgotten arrow in the radiologists' quiver?
title_full_unstemmed Galactogram for investigation of pathological nipple discharge: A forgotten arrow in the radiologists' quiver?
title_short Galactogram for investigation of pathological nipple discharge: A forgotten arrow in the radiologists' quiver?
title_sort galactogram for investigation of pathological nipple discharge a forgotten arrow in the radiologists quiver
topic Breast imaging
cancer
galactogram
mammography
nipple discharge
url http://www.ijmpo.org/article.asp?issn=0971-5851;year=2018;volume=39;issue=1;spage=96;epage=99;aulast=Chatterjee
work_keys_str_mv AT arghachatterjee galactogramforinvestigationofpathologicalnippledischargeaforgottenarrowintheradiologistsquiver
AT swapnilbhagat galactogramforinvestigationofpathologicalnippledischargeaforgottenarrowintheradiologistsquiver
AT monikalambasaini galactogramforinvestigationofpathologicalnippledischargeaforgottenarrowintheradiologistsquiver
AT sanjeevverma galactogramforinvestigationofpathologicalnippledischargeaforgottenarrowintheradiologistsquiver
AT kamalssaini galactogramforinvestigationofpathologicalnippledischargeaforgottenarrowintheradiologistsquiver