From Repetitive Head Trauma to Neurodegeneration: A Comprehensive Review of CTE
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that arises due to repetitive head trauma. Initially identified in boxers as “dementia pugilistica,” it is now recognized as a nosological entity affecting various occupational and social groups, including contact sp...
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Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Quality in Sport |
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| Online Access: | https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/62438 |
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| author | Marta Piotraszewska Magda Skudzińska Magdalena Bartold Maria Irena Grys Filip Kochański Janina Pohrybieniuк Karolina Wołk Aleksandra Jaskulska Jan Pietrzak Dominika Błonka |
| author_facet | Marta Piotraszewska Magda Skudzińska Magdalena Bartold Maria Irena Grys Filip Kochański Janina Pohrybieniuк Karolina Wołk Aleksandra Jaskulska Jan Pietrzak Dominika Błonka |
| author_sort | Marta Piotraszewska |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that arises due to repetitive head trauma. Initially identified in boxers as “dementia pugilistica,” it is now recognized as a nosological entity affecting various occupational and social groups, including contact sports athletes, military personnel, and victims of domestic violence. The ante-mortem diagnosis of CTE remains a significant clinical challenge, as current definitive diagnosis relies exclusively on post-mortem neuropathological examination, characterized by deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, their specific distribution, and associated neuroinflammatory and degenerative alterations. Extensive research is underway to identify fluid biomarkers (e.g., NfL, p-tau, GFAP, UCH-L1, S100B) and neuroimaging modalities (e.g., PET, MRI, DTI) that may enable in vivo detection of CTE and differential diagnosis from other tauopathies. The clinical phenotype of CTE is highly heterogeneous, encompassing cognitive, behavioral, affective, and motor disturbances. Emerging evidence suggests the existence of neuropathological subtypes of CTE, which holds relevance for biomarker development and therapeutic strategies. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the molecular pathogenesis, established neuropathological criteria, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, biomarkers, and neuroimaging modalities of CTE, as well as contemporary therapeutic and preventive approaches. The manuscript highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and underscores the need for further research to develop effective ante-mortem diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for CTE.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-382dd3ff33504d34a2d4257ecb0f6183 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2450-3118 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Quality in Sport |
| spelling | doaj-art-382dd3ff33504d34a2d4257ecb0f61832025-08-20T02:48:38ZengNicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńQuality in Sport2450-31182025-07-014310.12775/QS.2025.43.62438From Repetitive Head Trauma to Neurodegeneration: A Comprehensive Review of CTEMarta Piotraszewska0https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0893-0524Magda Skudzińska1https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8747-2562Magdalena Bartold 2https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0863-167XMaria Irena Grys 3https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9182-4040Filip Kochański 4https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4957-8566Janina Pohrybieniuк5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5737-6880Karolina Wołk 6https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9871-4903Aleksandra Jaskulska 7https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8745-9593Jan Pietrzak 8https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4177-5413Dominika Błonka 9https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7946-9294Samodzielny Publiczny Zespół Zakładów Opieki Zdrowotnej w Wyszkowie: Ul. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej 1, 07-200 Wyszków, Mazovia, PolandSamodzielny Publiczny Zespół Zakładów Opieki Zdrowotnej w Wyszkowie, Ul. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej 1, 07-200 Wyszków, Mazovia, PolandMaria Skłodowska-Curie Specialist Hospital, ul. Parzęczewska 35, 95-100 Zgierz PolandKarol Jonscher Municipal Medical Centre in Łódź, ul. Milionowa 14, 93-113 Łódź, Poland Maria Skłodowska-Curie Specialist Hospital in Zgierz, ul. Parzęczewska 35, 95-100 Zgierz, Poland Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, wyb. Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław Poland Pabianice Medical Center, ul. Jana Pawła II 68, 95-200 Pabianice, Poland Medical University of Lodz: Lodz, ul.Pomorska 251, 92-213 Łódź Voivodeship, PL Clinic of Foundation „Swoboda" ul. Sosnowa 4, 95-015 Głowno, PLCentralny Szpital Kliniczny: Lodz, ul. Pomorska 251, 92-213 Łódź Voivodeship, PL Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that arises due to repetitive head trauma. Initially identified in boxers as “dementia pugilistica,” it is now recognized as a nosological entity affecting various occupational and social groups, including contact sports athletes, military personnel, and victims of domestic violence. The ante-mortem diagnosis of CTE remains a significant clinical challenge, as current definitive diagnosis relies exclusively on post-mortem neuropathological examination, characterized by deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, their specific distribution, and associated neuroinflammatory and degenerative alterations. Extensive research is underway to identify fluid biomarkers (e.g., NfL, p-tau, GFAP, UCH-L1, S100B) and neuroimaging modalities (e.g., PET, MRI, DTI) that may enable in vivo detection of CTE and differential diagnosis from other tauopathies. The clinical phenotype of CTE is highly heterogeneous, encompassing cognitive, behavioral, affective, and motor disturbances. Emerging evidence suggests the existence of neuropathological subtypes of CTE, which holds relevance for biomarker development and therapeutic strategies. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the molecular pathogenesis, established neuropathological criteria, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, biomarkers, and neuroimaging modalities of CTE, as well as contemporary therapeutic and preventive approaches. The manuscript highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and underscores the need for further research to develop effective ante-mortem diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for CTE. https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/62438chronić traumatic encephalopathytauopathyneuropathologyfluid biomarkersimaging biomarkersneuroimaging |
| spellingShingle | Marta Piotraszewska Magda Skudzińska Magdalena Bartold Maria Irena Grys Filip Kochański Janina Pohrybieniuк Karolina Wołk Aleksandra Jaskulska Jan Pietrzak Dominika Błonka From Repetitive Head Trauma to Neurodegeneration: A Comprehensive Review of CTE Quality in Sport chronić traumatic encephalopathy tauopathy neuropathology fluid biomarkers imaging biomarkers neuroimaging |
| title | From Repetitive Head Trauma to Neurodegeneration: A Comprehensive Review of CTE |
| title_full | From Repetitive Head Trauma to Neurodegeneration: A Comprehensive Review of CTE |
| title_fullStr | From Repetitive Head Trauma to Neurodegeneration: A Comprehensive Review of CTE |
| title_full_unstemmed | From Repetitive Head Trauma to Neurodegeneration: A Comprehensive Review of CTE |
| title_short | From Repetitive Head Trauma to Neurodegeneration: A Comprehensive Review of CTE |
| title_sort | from repetitive head trauma to neurodegeneration a comprehensive review of cte |
| topic | chronić traumatic encephalopathy tauopathy neuropathology fluid biomarkers imaging biomarkers neuroimaging |
| url | https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/62438 |
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