Optical characterization of chiral three-dimensionally periodic photonic crystals fabricated by temporally periodic physical vapor deposition on two-dimensionally periodic substrates

We fabricated chiral three-dimensionally (3D) periodic photonic crystals (PPCs) with nanoscale features by: first etching two different two-dimensionally (2D) periodic patterns in fused silica and silicon substrates, and then implementing temporally periodic physical vapor deposition (TP-PVD) whereb...

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Main Authors: Ricardo A Fiallo, Mark W Horn, Akhlesh Lakhtakia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Physics Communications
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ade7c9
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author Ricardo A Fiallo
Mark W Horn
Akhlesh Lakhtakia
author_facet Ricardo A Fiallo
Mark W Horn
Akhlesh Lakhtakia
author_sort Ricardo A Fiallo
collection DOAJ
description We fabricated chiral three-dimensionally (3D) periodic photonic crystals (PPCs) with nanoscale features by: first etching two different two-dimensionally (2D) periodic patterns in fused silica and silicon substrates, and then implementing temporally periodic physical vapor deposition (TP-PVD) whereby a collimated vapor flux was directed towards rotating substrates. The patterned substrates as well as the 3D-PPCs were optically characterized in transmission and reflection in relation to the direction of an incident plane wave and the wavelength in the 500-900 nm range, for linear as well as circular polarization states of the incident plane wave. Before TP-PVD, the patterned substrates exhibited opal-like iridescence, and the optical characterization detected nonspecular transmission and Rayleigh–Wood anomalies, consistently with the mathematical predictions for 2D photonic crystals. Iridescence was maintained after TP-PVD. The 3D-PPCs comprise discrete clumps of nanohelixes growing on the unetched regions. Optical characterization of the 3D-PPCs revealed circular-polarization-discriminatory reflection and transmission, Fabry–Pérot resonances, Dyakonov–Tamm waves, nonspecular transmission, and a high-loss regime, but Rayleigh–Wood anomalies could not be unambiguously identified. We expect applications in diverse scenarios wherein matter and circularly polarized light interact.
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spelling doaj-art-381bcb91e91246fc85194a1d3d1a07c72025-08-20T03:30:41ZengIOP PublishingJournal of Physics Communications2399-65282025-01-019707500110.1088/2399-6528/ade7c9Optical characterization of chiral three-dimensionally periodic photonic crystals fabricated by temporally periodic physical vapor deposition on two-dimensionally periodic substratesRicardo A Fiallo0https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8900-0940Mark W Horn1Akhlesh Lakhtakia2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-2313NanoMM–Nanoengineered Metamaterials Group, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, 656 White Course Drive, University Park, PA 16802, United States of AmericaNanoMM–Nanoengineered Metamaterials Group, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, 656 White Course Drive, University Park, PA 16802, United States of AmericaNanoMM–Nanoengineered Metamaterials Group, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, 656 White Course Drive, University Park, PA 16802, United States of AmericaWe fabricated chiral three-dimensionally (3D) periodic photonic crystals (PPCs) with nanoscale features by: first etching two different two-dimensionally (2D) periodic patterns in fused silica and silicon substrates, and then implementing temporally periodic physical vapor deposition (TP-PVD) whereby a collimated vapor flux was directed towards rotating substrates. The patterned substrates as well as the 3D-PPCs were optically characterized in transmission and reflection in relation to the direction of an incident plane wave and the wavelength in the 500-900 nm range, for linear as well as circular polarization states of the incident plane wave. Before TP-PVD, the patterned substrates exhibited opal-like iridescence, and the optical characterization detected nonspecular transmission and Rayleigh–Wood anomalies, consistently with the mathematical predictions for 2D photonic crystals. Iridescence was maintained after TP-PVD. The 3D-PPCs comprise discrete clumps of nanohelixes growing on the unetched regions. Optical characterization of the 3D-PPCs revealed circular-polarization-discriminatory reflection and transmission, Fabry–Pérot resonances, Dyakonov–Tamm waves, nonspecular transmission, and a high-loss regime, but Rayleigh–Wood anomalies could not be unambiguously identified. We expect applications in diverse scenarios wherein matter and circularly polarized light interact.https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ade7c9latticesphotonic crystalstructural chiralitycircular bragg phenomenonnonspecular remittanceRayleigh-Wood anomaly
spellingShingle Ricardo A Fiallo
Mark W Horn
Akhlesh Lakhtakia
Optical characterization of chiral three-dimensionally periodic photonic crystals fabricated by temporally periodic physical vapor deposition on two-dimensionally periodic substrates
Journal of Physics Communications
lattices
photonic crystal
structural chirality
circular bragg phenomenon
nonspecular remittance
Rayleigh-Wood anomaly
title Optical characterization of chiral three-dimensionally periodic photonic crystals fabricated by temporally periodic physical vapor deposition on two-dimensionally periodic substrates
title_full Optical characterization of chiral three-dimensionally periodic photonic crystals fabricated by temporally periodic physical vapor deposition on two-dimensionally periodic substrates
title_fullStr Optical characterization of chiral three-dimensionally periodic photonic crystals fabricated by temporally periodic physical vapor deposition on two-dimensionally periodic substrates
title_full_unstemmed Optical characterization of chiral three-dimensionally periodic photonic crystals fabricated by temporally periodic physical vapor deposition on two-dimensionally periodic substrates
title_short Optical characterization of chiral three-dimensionally periodic photonic crystals fabricated by temporally periodic physical vapor deposition on two-dimensionally periodic substrates
title_sort optical characterization of chiral three dimensionally periodic photonic crystals fabricated by temporally periodic physical vapor deposition on two dimensionally periodic substrates
topic lattices
photonic crystal
structural chirality
circular bragg phenomenon
nonspecular remittance
Rayleigh-Wood anomaly
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ade7c9
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