Study on the Wrinkling Mechanisms of Human Skin Based on the Digital Image Correlation and Facial Action Coding System
Facial wrinkles are a key indicator of aging and hold significant importance in skincare, cosmetics, and cosmetology. Their formation is closely linked to mechanical deformation, yet the underlying processes remain complex. This study integrates the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) with three-dime...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6803 |
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| author | Huixin Wei Mingjian Chen Shibin Wang Zhiyong Wang Baopeng Liao Zehui Lin Lisha He Wei He |
| author_facet | Huixin Wei Mingjian Chen Shibin Wang Zhiyong Wang Baopeng Liao Zehui Lin Lisha He Wei He |
| author_sort | Huixin Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Facial wrinkles are a key indicator of aging and hold significant importance in skincare, cosmetics, and cosmetology. Their formation is closely linked to mechanical deformation, yet the underlying processes remain complex. This study integrates the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) with three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) to dynamically capture and quantitatively analyze skin deformation during facial expression. Principal strains and their orientation are introduced as important parameters to investigate the relationship between mechanical behavior and wrinkle formation. To further explore these interactions, a four-layer finite element (FE) model incorporating a muscle layer is developed, simulating muscle contraction and its influence on skin deformation. The findings provide a mechanobiological framework for understanding wrinkle formation and may inspire the development of strain-sensitive sensors for real-time detection of microstructural deformations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-381b428df4244284b5cc3a11e99d84fe |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-381b428df4244284b5cc3a11e99d84fe2025-08-20T03:32:31ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011512680310.3390/app15126803Study on the Wrinkling Mechanisms of Human Skin Based on the Digital Image Correlation and Facial Action Coding SystemHuixin Wei0Mingjian Chen1Shibin Wang2Zhiyong Wang3Baopeng Liao4Zehui Lin5Lisha He6Wei He7School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, ChinaSchool of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, ChinaSchool of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, ChinaLaboratoire de mécanique des solides, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, FranceSchool of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Hunan 410082, ChinaFacial wrinkles are a key indicator of aging and hold significant importance in skincare, cosmetics, and cosmetology. Their formation is closely linked to mechanical deformation, yet the underlying processes remain complex. This study integrates the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) with three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) to dynamically capture and quantitatively analyze skin deformation during facial expression. Principal strains and their orientation are introduced as important parameters to investigate the relationship between mechanical behavior and wrinkle formation. To further explore these interactions, a four-layer finite element (FE) model incorporating a muscle layer is developed, simulating muscle contraction and its influence on skin deformation. The findings provide a mechanobiological framework for understanding wrinkle formation and may inspire the development of strain-sensitive sensors for real-time detection of microstructural deformations.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6803deformation characteristicsFacial Action Coding Systemfacial expressionfinite elementskin wrinkles |
| spellingShingle | Huixin Wei Mingjian Chen Shibin Wang Zhiyong Wang Baopeng Liao Zehui Lin Lisha He Wei He Study on the Wrinkling Mechanisms of Human Skin Based on the Digital Image Correlation and Facial Action Coding System Applied Sciences deformation characteristics Facial Action Coding System facial expression finite element skin wrinkles |
| title | Study on the Wrinkling Mechanisms of Human Skin Based on the Digital Image Correlation and Facial Action Coding System |
| title_full | Study on the Wrinkling Mechanisms of Human Skin Based on the Digital Image Correlation and Facial Action Coding System |
| title_fullStr | Study on the Wrinkling Mechanisms of Human Skin Based on the Digital Image Correlation and Facial Action Coding System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on the Wrinkling Mechanisms of Human Skin Based on the Digital Image Correlation and Facial Action Coding System |
| title_short | Study on the Wrinkling Mechanisms of Human Skin Based on the Digital Image Correlation and Facial Action Coding System |
| title_sort | study on the wrinkling mechanisms of human skin based on the digital image correlation and facial action coding system |
| topic | deformation characteristics Facial Action Coding System facial expression finite element skin wrinkles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6803 |
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