Prevalence of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV: a systematic review with meta-analysisResearch in context
Summary: Background: Given the chronic immune activation and inflammatory milieu associated with Long COVID and HIV, we assessed the prevalence of Long COVID in adults living with HIV; and investigated whether adults living with HIV were associated with increased chance of developing Long COVID com...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | EClinicalMedicine |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537024005728 |
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| author | Dimitra V. Pouliopoulou Nicole Billias Joy C. MacDermid Erin Miller Kelly K. O'Brien Kieran L. Quinn Monali S. Malvankar-Mehta Tiago V. Pereira Angela M. Cheung Fahad Razak Saverio Stranges Pavlos Bobos |
| author_facet | Dimitra V. Pouliopoulou Nicole Billias Joy C. MacDermid Erin Miller Kelly K. O'Brien Kieran L. Quinn Monali S. Malvankar-Mehta Tiago V. Pereira Angela M. Cheung Fahad Razak Saverio Stranges Pavlos Bobos |
| author_sort | Dimitra V. Pouliopoulou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary: Background: Given the chronic immune activation and inflammatory milieu associated with Long COVID and HIV, we assessed the prevalence of Long COVID in adults living with HIV; and investigated whether adults living with HIV were associated with increased chance of developing Long COVID compared to adults living without HIV Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Medline, EMBASE, CINHAL, PubMed and CENTRAL from inception until June 14th, 2024, for observational studies that measured the prevalence of Long COVID in adults living with HIV and the odds of developing Long COVID following a SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV compared to people living without HIV. Reviews, case reports, randomised control trials and editorials were excluded. The search was conducted without language restrictions. We performed meta-analysis of proportions to synthesise prevalence estimates using logit transformation and a sensitivity analysis using mixed-effects logistic regression. We used random-effects meta-analyses to summarize the odds ratio (OR) of developing Long COVID in adults living with HIV compared to adults living without HIV and conducted a sensitivity analysis including only studies with covariate-adjusted estimates that was planned a-priori. We used ROBINS-E for the risk of bias assessment and GRADE to rate the certainty of evidence. We identified statistical heterogeneity using Cochran's Q test and quantified it using the I2 statistic. For the Q test, a P < 0.10 was considered statistically significant. PROSPERO registration: CRD42024577616. Findings: Our search returned 831 results, of which 8 studies (4489 participants) were deemed eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The prevalence of Long COVID in adults with HIV was 43% (95% CI: 32–54%, 8 studies; 1227 participants; low certainty, P < 0.0001). The association of HIV status with Long COVID was inconclusive, with wide confidence intervals (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.58–2.29; 4 studies; 3556 participants, low certainty, P = 0.013). When the analysis was restricted to studies reporting covariate-adjusted estimates, adults living with HIV were associated with a higher odds of Long COVID than those not living with HIV (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.12–4.36; 2 studies; 374 participants, low certainty, P = 0.51). Interpretation: Current evidence indicates that the prevalence of Long COVID in adults living with HIV may be high, suggesting the need for increased awareness and education of healthcare providers and policy makers. Evidence on whether HIV positivity increases the risk of Long COVID is limited and inconclusive, highlighting a need for further research to clarify this potential association. Funding: None. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3816d88191354431a6a804ee9412f2c4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2589-5370 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | EClinicalMedicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-3816d88191354431a6a804ee9412f2c42025-01-22T05:43:24ZengElsevierEClinicalMedicine2589-53702025-01-0179102993Prevalence of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV: a systematic review with meta-analysisResearch in contextDimitra V. Pouliopoulou0Nicole Billias1Joy C. MacDermid2Erin Miller3Kelly K. O'Brien4Kieran L. Quinn5Monali S. Malvankar-Mehta6Tiago V. Pereira7Angela M. Cheung8Fahad Razak9Saverio Stranges10Pavlos Bobos11School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Corresponding author.School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Western University, London, Ontario, CanadaSchool of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Western University, London, Ontario, CanadaSchool of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Western University, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (RSI), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTemerty Faculty of Medicine, Sinai Health and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, Western University, London, Ontario, CanadaNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UKUniversity Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaUnity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, CanadaSchool of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, CanadaSummary: Background: Given the chronic immune activation and inflammatory milieu associated with Long COVID and HIV, we assessed the prevalence of Long COVID in adults living with HIV; and investigated whether adults living with HIV were associated with increased chance of developing Long COVID compared to adults living without HIV Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Medline, EMBASE, CINHAL, PubMed and CENTRAL from inception until June 14th, 2024, for observational studies that measured the prevalence of Long COVID in adults living with HIV and the odds of developing Long COVID following a SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV compared to people living without HIV. Reviews, case reports, randomised control trials and editorials were excluded. The search was conducted without language restrictions. We performed meta-analysis of proportions to synthesise prevalence estimates using logit transformation and a sensitivity analysis using mixed-effects logistic regression. We used random-effects meta-analyses to summarize the odds ratio (OR) of developing Long COVID in adults living with HIV compared to adults living without HIV and conducted a sensitivity analysis including only studies with covariate-adjusted estimates that was planned a-priori. We used ROBINS-E for the risk of bias assessment and GRADE to rate the certainty of evidence. We identified statistical heterogeneity using Cochran's Q test and quantified it using the I2 statistic. For the Q test, a P < 0.10 was considered statistically significant. PROSPERO registration: CRD42024577616. Findings: Our search returned 831 results, of which 8 studies (4489 participants) were deemed eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The prevalence of Long COVID in adults with HIV was 43% (95% CI: 32–54%, 8 studies; 1227 participants; low certainty, P < 0.0001). The association of HIV status with Long COVID was inconclusive, with wide confidence intervals (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.58–2.29; 4 studies; 3556 participants, low certainty, P = 0.013). When the analysis was restricted to studies reporting covariate-adjusted estimates, adults living with HIV were associated with a higher odds of Long COVID than those not living with HIV (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.12–4.36; 2 studies; 374 participants, low certainty, P = 0.51). Interpretation: Current evidence indicates that the prevalence of Long COVID in adults living with HIV may be high, suggesting the need for increased awareness and education of healthcare providers and policy makers. Evidence on whether HIV positivity increases the risk of Long COVID is limited and inconclusive, highlighting a need for further research to clarify this potential association. Funding: None.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537024005728Long COVIDHIVPrevalenceOdds ratioSystematic reviewmeta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Dimitra V. Pouliopoulou Nicole Billias Joy C. MacDermid Erin Miller Kelly K. O'Brien Kieran L. Quinn Monali S. Malvankar-Mehta Tiago V. Pereira Angela M. Cheung Fahad Razak Saverio Stranges Pavlos Bobos Prevalence of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV: a systematic review with meta-analysisResearch in context EClinicalMedicine Long COVID HIV Prevalence Odds ratio Systematic review meta-analysis |
| title | Prevalence of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV: a systematic review with meta-analysisResearch in context |
| title_full | Prevalence of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV: a systematic review with meta-analysisResearch in context |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV: a systematic review with meta-analysisResearch in context |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV: a systematic review with meta-analysisResearch in context |
| title_short | Prevalence of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV: a systematic review with meta-analysisResearch in context |
| title_sort | prevalence of post acute sequelae of sars cov 2 infection in people living with hiv a systematic review with meta analysisresearch in context |
| topic | Long COVID HIV Prevalence Odds ratio Systematic review meta-analysis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537024005728 |
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