Trajectory, drivers, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from urban water system in China during 1980–2030

Urban water systems (UWSs) continuously evolve in response to changes in urban populations, technological advancements, and lifestyle shifts, resulting in significant changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Understanding how GHG emissions vary across the different developmental stages of a UWS is...

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Main Authors: Shiyu Pei, Zonghan Li, Yi Liu, Chunyan Wang, Hao Wu, Shuming Liu, Yujun Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Resources, Environment and Sustainability
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666916125000568
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author Shiyu Pei
Zonghan Li
Yi Liu
Chunyan Wang
Hao Wu
Shuming Liu
Yujun Huang
author_facet Shiyu Pei
Zonghan Li
Yi Liu
Chunyan Wang
Hao Wu
Shuming Liu
Yujun Huang
author_sort Shiyu Pei
collection DOAJ
description Urban water systems (UWSs) continuously evolve in response to changes in urban populations, technological advancements, and lifestyle shifts, resulting in significant changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Understanding how GHG emissions vary across the different developmental stages of a UWS is crucial for charting pathways toward carbon neutrality under varying levels of urbanization and infrastructure maturity. To explore the long-term patterns of GHG emissions from the UWS, we developed a systematic accounting framework encompassing four energy-related subsystems: water extraction, water supply, residential water use, and wastewater treatment. We applied this framework to China’s UWS across its transitional trajectory—from early development to system-wide maturity (1980–2020) at the provincial level. Results show that over the 40 years, GHG emissions from China’s UWS increased approximately 14-fold, surpassing the overall rate of population growth by 143.9%. From the early 1990s till now, residential water use emerged as the dominant source of UWS-related emissions, accounting for approximately 77.6% of total emissions. Our scenario analysis estimates a potential 34.0% reduction in China’s carbon emissions (128.3 Mt CO2-eq) by 2030 through water-saving strategies. This study offers critical insights into promoting low-carbon operations and sustainable management of UWS, and serves as an important reference for global efforts net-zero water infrastructure.
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spelling doaj-art-3813b08c8bc94bdf9aac4f8f7e3c39482025-08-20T03:17:03ZengElsevierResources, Environment and Sustainability2666-91612025-09-012110024410.1016/j.resenv.2025.100244Trajectory, drivers, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from urban water system in China during 1980–2030Shiyu Pei0Zonghan Li1Yi Liu2Chunyan Wang3Hao Wu4Shuming Liu5Yujun Huang6School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR ChinaCorresponding author.; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR ChinaUrban water systems (UWSs) continuously evolve in response to changes in urban populations, technological advancements, and lifestyle shifts, resulting in significant changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Understanding how GHG emissions vary across the different developmental stages of a UWS is crucial for charting pathways toward carbon neutrality under varying levels of urbanization and infrastructure maturity. To explore the long-term patterns of GHG emissions from the UWS, we developed a systematic accounting framework encompassing four energy-related subsystems: water extraction, water supply, residential water use, and wastewater treatment. We applied this framework to China’s UWS across its transitional trajectory—from early development to system-wide maturity (1980–2020) at the provincial level. Results show that over the 40 years, GHG emissions from China’s UWS increased approximately 14-fold, surpassing the overall rate of population growth by 143.9%. From the early 1990s till now, residential water use emerged as the dominant source of UWS-related emissions, accounting for approximately 77.6% of total emissions. Our scenario analysis estimates a potential 34.0% reduction in China’s carbon emissions (128.3 Mt CO2-eq) by 2030 through water-saving strategies. This study offers critical insights into promoting low-carbon operations and sustainable management of UWS, and serves as an important reference for global efforts net-zero water infrastructure.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666916125000568Urban water systemGreenhouse gas emissionsHistorical trajectoryDriving factorsScenario analysis
spellingShingle Shiyu Pei
Zonghan Li
Yi Liu
Chunyan Wang
Hao Wu
Shuming Liu
Yujun Huang
Trajectory, drivers, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from urban water system in China during 1980–2030
Resources, Environment and Sustainability
Urban water system
Greenhouse gas emissions
Historical trajectory
Driving factors
Scenario analysis
title Trajectory, drivers, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from urban water system in China during 1980–2030
title_full Trajectory, drivers, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from urban water system in China during 1980–2030
title_fullStr Trajectory, drivers, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from urban water system in China during 1980–2030
title_full_unstemmed Trajectory, drivers, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from urban water system in China during 1980–2030
title_short Trajectory, drivers, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from urban water system in China during 1980–2030
title_sort trajectory drivers and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from urban water system in china during 1980 2030
topic Urban water system
Greenhouse gas emissions
Historical trajectory
Driving factors
Scenario analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666916125000568
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