Urban Morphology and Energy Performance: Spatial-Simulation Assessment from Hebron, Palestine

Urban morphology critically governs residential energy demand, yet empirical evidence from semi-arid, geopolitically constrained cities remains scarce. This study quantifies the influence of neighbourhood form on heating and cooling loads in Hebron, Palestine. Three morphologically distinct distric...

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Main Authors: Azeez Ezaldeen Ahmad Aburmalah, Doğa Üzümcüoğlu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Alanya Üniversitesi 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ijcua.com/ijcua/article/view/519
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author Azeez Ezaldeen Ahmad Aburmalah
Doğa Üzümcüoğlu
author_facet Azeez Ezaldeen Ahmad Aburmalah
Doğa Üzümcüoğlu
author_sort Azeez Ezaldeen Ahmad Aburmalah
collection DOAJ
description Urban morphology critically governs residential energy demand, yet empirical evidence from semi-arid, geopolitically constrained cities remains scarce. This study quantifies the influence of neighbourhood form on heating and cooling loads in Hebron, Palestine. Three morphologically distinct districts—Old City (compact), Zeitoun (semi-structured) and Al Sheikh (unplanned sprawl)—were mapped in ArcGIS Pro to derive Floor Space Index, Ground Space Index and Open Space Ratio. Prototype mid-rise dwellings were modelled in DesignBuilder and simulated with EnergyPlus under identical boundary conditions. Pearson correlations and ANOVA assessed relationships between morphological variables and annual loads. Results show cooling demand decreases by 34 % as FSI rises from 0.7 to 1.2, whereas heating demand doubles under the same densification. The moderately dense Zeitoun configuration (FSI≈1.0, OSR≈1.6) achieved the lowest combined energy use, outperforming both extreme forms. Findings demonstrate that mid-rise, medium-density layouts balance summer shading with winter solar access, offering a viable pathway for energy-aware expansion in semi-arid contexts. The integrated spatial-simulation framework provides planners with transferable metrics for zoning and retrofit prioritisation, supporting climate-responsive urban policy across the Middle East. Future research should incorporate behavioural patterns and multiple building typologies to refine these benchmarks under climate-change scenarios.
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spelling doaj-art-37fdfc2e5c8e423caa76136e50b500c52025-08-20T02:09:30ZengAlanya ÜniversitesiJournal of Contemporary Urban Affairs2475-61642025-06-019110.25034/ijcua.2025.v9n1-8Urban Morphology and Energy Performance: Spatial-Simulation Assessment from Hebron, PalestineAzeez Ezaldeen Ahmad Aburmalah0https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6666-3488Doğa Üzümcüoğlu1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-5103Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Design and Fine Arts, Girne American University, Girne, North Cyprus Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Design and Fine Arts, Girne American University, Girne, North Cyprus Urban morphology critically governs residential energy demand, yet empirical evidence from semi-arid, geopolitically constrained cities remains scarce. This study quantifies the influence of neighbourhood form on heating and cooling loads in Hebron, Palestine. Three morphologically distinct districts—Old City (compact), Zeitoun (semi-structured) and Al Sheikh (unplanned sprawl)—were mapped in ArcGIS Pro to derive Floor Space Index, Ground Space Index and Open Space Ratio. Prototype mid-rise dwellings were modelled in DesignBuilder and simulated with EnergyPlus under identical boundary conditions. Pearson correlations and ANOVA assessed relationships between morphological variables and annual loads. Results show cooling demand decreases by 34 % as FSI rises from 0.7 to 1.2, whereas heating demand doubles under the same densification. The moderately dense Zeitoun configuration (FSI≈1.0, OSR≈1.6) achieved the lowest combined energy use, outperforming both extreme forms. Findings demonstrate that mid-rise, medium-density layouts balance summer shading with winter solar access, offering a viable pathway for energy-aware expansion in semi-arid contexts. The integrated spatial-simulation framework provides planners with transferable metrics for zoning and retrofit prioritisation, supporting climate-responsive urban policy across the Middle East. Future research should incorporate behavioural patterns and multiple building typologies to refine these benchmarks under climate-change scenarios. https://ijcua.com/ijcua/article/view/519Urban morphologyBuilding energy simulationEnergy performanceSemi-arid cityGIS spatial analysisHebron
spellingShingle Azeez Ezaldeen Ahmad Aburmalah
Doğa Üzümcüoğlu
Urban Morphology and Energy Performance: Spatial-Simulation Assessment from Hebron, Palestine
Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs
Urban morphology
Building energy simulation
Energy performance
Semi-arid city
GIS spatial analysis
Hebron
title Urban Morphology and Energy Performance: Spatial-Simulation Assessment from Hebron, Palestine
title_full Urban Morphology and Energy Performance: Spatial-Simulation Assessment from Hebron, Palestine
title_fullStr Urban Morphology and Energy Performance: Spatial-Simulation Assessment from Hebron, Palestine
title_full_unstemmed Urban Morphology and Energy Performance: Spatial-Simulation Assessment from Hebron, Palestine
title_short Urban Morphology and Energy Performance: Spatial-Simulation Assessment from Hebron, Palestine
title_sort urban morphology and energy performance spatial simulation assessment from hebron palestine
topic Urban morphology
Building energy simulation
Energy performance
Semi-arid city
GIS spatial analysis
Hebron
url https://ijcua.com/ijcua/article/view/519
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