A scalable photo-mechanochemical platform for sustainable photoredox catalysis by resonant acoustic mixing

Abstract Photocatalysis has greatly advanced in organic synthesis but still confronts challenges, including light attenuation in reaction media and excessive solvent utilization. These issues lead to inefficiencies, particularly in heterogeneous cloudy mixtures and in scaling-up applications. Integr...

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Main Authors: Deshen Kong, Liang Yi, Alice Nanni, Magnus Rueping
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59358-1
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author Deshen Kong
Liang Yi
Alice Nanni
Magnus Rueping
author_facet Deshen Kong
Liang Yi
Alice Nanni
Magnus Rueping
author_sort Deshen Kong
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Photocatalysis has greatly advanced in organic synthesis but still confronts challenges, including light attenuation in reaction media and excessive solvent utilization. These issues lead to inefficiencies, particularly in heterogeneous cloudy mixtures and in scaling-up applications. Integrating photocatalysis with mechanochemistry offers a nascent but promising solution to these challenges. Herein, we present a scalable photo-mechanochemical platform that combines visible-light photocatalysis with Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM), enabling efficient cross-coupling reactions under solvent-minimised conditions. This approach demonstrates broad substrate tolerance, accommodating a variety of aryl (hetero) halides and N-, O-, P-, S-nucleophiles. The protocol supports scaling up to 300 mmol, representing a 1500-fold increase, while maintaining exceptionally low catalyst loading and achieving up to 9800 turnover numbers (TON). The generality of this platform is further validated by its applicability to other synthetic transformations.
format Article
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institution OA Journals
issn 2041-1723
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-37f75db202534bb18dda01aff1d3e9a12025-08-20T02:10:54ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-04-0116111010.1038/s41467-025-59358-1A scalable photo-mechanochemical platform for sustainable photoredox catalysis by resonant acoustic mixingDeshen Kong0Liang Yi1Alice Nanni2Magnus Rueping3KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Abstract Photocatalysis has greatly advanced in organic synthesis but still confronts challenges, including light attenuation in reaction media and excessive solvent utilization. These issues lead to inefficiencies, particularly in heterogeneous cloudy mixtures and in scaling-up applications. Integrating photocatalysis with mechanochemistry offers a nascent but promising solution to these challenges. Herein, we present a scalable photo-mechanochemical platform that combines visible-light photocatalysis with Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM), enabling efficient cross-coupling reactions under solvent-minimised conditions. This approach demonstrates broad substrate tolerance, accommodating a variety of aryl (hetero) halides and N-, O-, P-, S-nucleophiles. The protocol supports scaling up to 300 mmol, representing a 1500-fold increase, while maintaining exceptionally low catalyst loading and achieving up to 9800 turnover numbers (TON). The generality of this platform is further validated by its applicability to other synthetic transformations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59358-1
spellingShingle Deshen Kong
Liang Yi
Alice Nanni
Magnus Rueping
A scalable photo-mechanochemical platform for sustainable photoredox catalysis by resonant acoustic mixing
Nature Communications
title A scalable photo-mechanochemical platform for sustainable photoredox catalysis by resonant acoustic mixing
title_full A scalable photo-mechanochemical platform for sustainable photoredox catalysis by resonant acoustic mixing
title_fullStr A scalable photo-mechanochemical platform for sustainable photoredox catalysis by resonant acoustic mixing
title_full_unstemmed A scalable photo-mechanochemical platform for sustainable photoredox catalysis by resonant acoustic mixing
title_short A scalable photo-mechanochemical platform for sustainable photoredox catalysis by resonant acoustic mixing
title_sort scalable photo mechanochemical platform for sustainable photoredox catalysis by resonant acoustic mixing
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59358-1
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