Cytochrome b5 occurrence in giant and other viruses belonging to the phylum Nucleocytoviricota

Abstract Cytochrome b5 is an electron transport protein found in eukaryotes and bacteria, and plays roles in energy production, lipid biosynthesis and cytochrome P450 biochemistry. Here we report that genes for cytochrome b5 occur broadly among viruses in the class Megaviricetes isolated from the de...

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Main Authors: David C. Lamb, Jared V. Goldstone, Djamal Brahim Belhaouari, Julien Andréani, Ayesha Farooqi, Michael J. Allen, Steven L. Kelly, Bernard La Scola, John J. Stegeman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:npj Viruses
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44298-025-00091-3
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author David C. Lamb
Jared V. Goldstone
Djamal Brahim Belhaouari
Julien Andréani
Ayesha Farooqi
Michael J. Allen
Steven L. Kelly
Bernard La Scola
John J. Stegeman
author_facet David C. Lamb
Jared V. Goldstone
Djamal Brahim Belhaouari
Julien Andréani
Ayesha Farooqi
Michael J. Allen
Steven L. Kelly
Bernard La Scola
John J. Stegeman
author_sort David C. Lamb
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Cytochrome b5 is an electron transport protein found in eukaryotes and bacteria, and plays roles in energy production, lipid biosynthesis and cytochrome P450 biochemistry. Here we report that genes for cytochrome b5 occur broadly among viruses in the class Megaviricetes isolated from the deep ocean, freshwater and terrestrial sources, and human patients. Transcriptional analysis showed that Mimivirus bradfordmassiliense cytochrome b5 is expressed in the host and has characteristic spectral properties. Viral cytochrome b5s have either a unique N-terminal transmembrane anchor or are predicted to be soluble proteins. Virus cytochrome b5 proteins share 45–95% sequence identity with one another but no more than 25% identity with that in Acanthamoeba castellanii, a host for many giant viruses. Thus, the origin of cytochrome b5 genes in giant viruses remains unknown. Our findings raise questions regarding the evolution and diversity of cytochrome b5, and about the origin of viral haemoproteins in general.
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publisher Nature Portfolio
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series npj Viruses
spelling doaj-art-37e9c079b93d48f1993496ffb3bc97352025-08-20T02:48:30ZengNature Portfolionpj Viruses2948-17672025-02-013111110.1038/s44298-025-00091-3Cytochrome b5 occurrence in giant and other viruses belonging to the phylum NucleocytoviricotaDavid C. Lamb0Jared V. Goldstone1Djamal Brahim Belhaouari2Julien Andréani3Ayesha Farooqi4Michael J. Allen5Steven L. Kelly6Bernard La Scola7John J. Stegeman8Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea UniversityBiology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods HoleDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M UniversityMicrobes Evolution Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), UR D-258, Aix-Marseille UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea UniversityDepartment of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterFaculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea UniversityMicrobes Evolution Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), UR D-258, Aix-Marseille UniversityBiology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods HoleAbstract Cytochrome b5 is an electron transport protein found in eukaryotes and bacteria, and plays roles in energy production, lipid biosynthesis and cytochrome P450 biochemistry. Here we report that genes for cytochrome b5 occur broadly among viruses in the class Megaviricetes isolated from the deep ocean, freshwater and terrestrial sources, and human patients. Transcriptional analysis showed that Mimivirus bradfordmassiliense cytochrome b5 is expressed in the host and has characteristic spectral properties. Viral cytochrome b5s have either a unique N-terminal transmembrane anchor or are predicted to be soluble proteins. Virus cytochrome b5 proteins share 45–95% sequence identity with one another but no more than 25% identity with that in Acanthamoeba castellanii, a host for many giant viruses. Thus, the origin of cytochrome b5 genes in giant viruses remains unknown. Our findings raise questions regarding the evolution and diversity of cytochrome b5, and about the origin of viral haemoproteins in general.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44298-025-00091-3
spellingShingle David C. Lamb
Jared V. Goldstone
Djamal Brahim Belhaouari
Julien Andréani
Ayesha Farooqi
Michael J. Allen
Steven L. Kelly
Bernard La Scola
John J. Stegeman
Cytochrome b5 occurrence in giant and other viruses belonging to the phylum Nucleocytoviricota
npj Viruses
title Cytochrome b5 occurrence in giant and other viruses belonging to the phylum Nucleocytoviricota
title_full Cytochrome b5 occurrence in giant and other viruses belonging to the phylum Nucleocytoviricota
title_fullStr Cytochrome b5 occurrence in giant and other viruses belonging to the phylum Nucleocytoviricota
title_full_unstemmed Cytochrome b5 occurrence in giant and other viruses belonging to the phylum Nucleocytoviricota
title_short Cytochrome b5 occurrence in giant and other viruses belonging to the phylum Nucleocytoviricota
title_sort cytochrome b5 occurrence in giant and other viruses belonging to the phylum nucleocytoviricota
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s44298-025-00091-3
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