Insulin/PHMB-grafted sodium alginate hydrogels improve infected wound healing by antibacterial-prompted macrophage inflammatory regulation
Abstract Background Non-healing chronic wounds with high susceptibility to infection represent a critical challenge in modern healthcare. While growth factors play a pivotal role in regulating chronic wound repair, their therapeutic efficacy is compromised in infected microenvironments. Current woun...
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BMC
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Nanobiotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03398-8 |
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| author | Dan Liu Tianyi Yu Shan Ma Lefeng Su Shan Zhong Wenao Wang Yang Liu Jia-ao Yu Min Gao Yunsheng Chen He Xu Yan Liu |
| author_facet | Dan Liu Tianyi Yu Shan Ma Lefeng Su Shan Zhong Wenao Wang Yang Liu Jia-ao Yu Min Gao Yunsheng Chen He Xu Yan Liu |
| author_sort | Dan Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Non-healing chronic wounds with high susceptibility to infection represent a critical challenge in modern healthcare. While growth factors play a pivotal role in regulating chronic wound repair, their therapeutic efficacy is compromised in infected microenvironments. Current wound dressings inadequately address the dual demands of sustained bioactive molecule delivery and robust antimicrobial activity. Results In this study, we developed a sodium alginate hydrogel (termed P-SA/Ins), which incorporated polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) grafting and long-acting glargine insulin loading. P-SA/Ins exhibited the favorable physicochemical performance, biocompatibility and antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens through inhibition of bacterial proliferation and biofilm formation. Glargine insulin was applied to prolonged insulin delivery. P-SA/Ins treatment attenuated S. aureus induced pro-inflammatory cytokine cascades in macrophages. The evaluation in vivo using a rat model with S. aureus infected wound demonstrated that P-SA/Ins significantly enhanced wound healing and optimized skin barrier through antimicrobial-mediated modulation of macrophage polarization and subsequent inflammatory cytokine profiling. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that P-SA/Ins promotes wound healing and restores epidermal barrier integrity, indicating its potential as a therapeutic dressing for chronic wound healing, particularly in cases with infection risk. Graphical abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-37db85ed8d784d0b8d5011ef80016f28 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1477-3155 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Journal of Nanobiotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-37db85ed8d784d0b8d5011ef80016f282025-08-20T02:11:11ZengBMCJournal of Nanobiotechnology1477-31552025-05-0123111610.1186/s12951-025-03398-8Insulin/PHMB-grafted sodium alginate hydrogels improve infected wound healing by antibacterial-prompted macrophage inflammatory regulationDan Liu0Tianyi Yu1Shan Ma2Lefeng Su3Shan Zhong4Wenao Wang5Yang Liu6Jia-ao Yu7Min Gao8Yunsheng Chen9He Xu10Yan Liu11Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineCollege of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shanghai Normal UniversityDepartment of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineCollege of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shanghai Normal UniversityDepartment of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineAbstract Background Non-healing chronic wounds with high susceptibility to infection represent a critical challenge in modern healthcare. While growth factors play a pivotal role in regulating chronic wound repair, their therapeutic efficacy is compromised in infected microenvironments. Current wound dressings inadequately address the dual demands of sustained bioactive molecule delivery and robust antimicrobial activity. Results In this study, we developed a sodium alginate hydrogel (termed P-SA/Ins), which incorporated polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) grafting and long-acting glargine insulin loading. P-SA/Ins exhibited the favorable physicochemical performance, biocompatibility and antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens through inhibition of bacterial proliferation and biofilm formation. Glargine insulin was applied to prolonged insulin delivery. P-SA/Ins treatment attenuated S. aureus induced pro-inflammatory cytokine cascades in macrophages. The evaluation in vivo using a rat model with S. aureus infected wound demonstrated that P-SA/Ins significantly enhanced wound healing and optimized skin barrier through antimicrobial-mediated modulation of macrophage polarization and subsequent inflammatory cytokine profiling. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that P-SA/Ins promotes wound healing and restores epidermal barrier integrity, indicating its potential as a therapeutic dressing for chronic wound healing, particularly in cases with infection risk. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03398-8Infected wound healingInsulinPHMBInflammation regulationSkin barrier |
| spellingShingle | Dan Liu Tianyi Yu Shan Ma Lefeng Su Shan Zhong Wenao Wang Yang Liu Jia-ao Yu Min Gao Yunsheng Chen He Xu Yan Liu Insulin/PHMB-grafted sodium alginate hydrogels improve infected wound healing by antibacterial-prompted macrophage inflammatory regulation Journal of Nanobiotechnology Infected wound healing Insulin PHMB Inflammation regulation Skin barrier |
| title | Insulin/PHMB-grafted sodium alginate hydrogels improve infected wound healing by antibacterial-prompted macrophage inflammatory regulation |
| title_full | Insulin/PHMB-grafted sodium alginate hydrogels improve infected wound healing by antibacterial-prompted macrophage inflammatory regulation |
| title_fullStr | Insulin/PHMB-grafted sodium alginate hydrogels improve infected wound healing by antibacterial-prompted macrophage inflammatory regulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insulin/PHMB-grafted sodium alginate hydrogels improve infected wound healing by antibacterial-prompted macrophage inflammatory regulation |
| title_short | Insulin/PHMB-grafted sodium alginate hydrogels improve infected wound healing by antibacterial-prompted macrophage inflammatory regulation |
| title_sort | insulin phmb grafted sodium alginate hydrogels improve infected wound healing by antibacterial prompted macrophage inflammatory regulation |
| topic | Infected wound healing Insulin PHMB Inflammation regulation Skin barrier |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03398-8 |
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