Study of Formulation, Physical Properties, and Instability Process and In Vitro Evaluation of Transparent Nanoemulsions Containing Sesame Seed Oil (SO) and Raspberry Seed Oil (RO)

Nanoemulsions are significant for cosmetic products intended for skin care and for health products due to the reduced size (range 20 to 500 nm) of the globules, which avoids processes of instability. They present transparency, fluidity, wettability, and spreadability; increase skin penetration; and...

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Main Authors: Pedro Alves Rocha-Filho, Monica Maruno
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Cosmetics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/12/2/32
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author Pedro Alves Rocha-Filho
Monica Maruno
author_facet Pedro Alves Rocha-Filho
Monica Maruno
author_sort Pedro Alves Rocha-Filho
collection DOAJ
description Nanoemulsions are significant for cosmetic products intended for skin care and for health products due to the reduced size (range 20 to 500 nm) of the globules, which avoids processes of instability. They present transparency, fluidity, wettability, and spreadability; increase skin penetration; and have good sensation. The main instability mechanism of nanoemulsions is called Ostwald ripening, responsible for increasing the average diameter of emulsion globules. Sesame Seed Oil (SO) and Raspberry Seed Oil (RO) are indicated as moisturizing agents recently used in the cosmetic industry and for reducing transepidermal water loss, preventing damage to the skin barrier. They contain specific compounds with common properties such as antioxidant, moisturizing, emollient, and photoprotective actions, making them attractive alternative and complementary treatments to soften the process of skin aging. Below, we present the results of this research on the development of nanoemulsions containing Sesame Seed Oil added with Raspberry Seed Oil by the low-energy method. SO nanoemulsions at HLB = 8.0 were obtained with PEG 15 castor oil (A) and PEG 30 castor oil (F.80) and had globule sizes of 50 nm and 200 nm, respectively, along with pH values considered suitable for skin care products and lower viscosity values allowing for the easy application of nanoemulsions to the skin. Nanoemulsions A and F.80 showed antioxidant activities of 68.71% and 67.75%, respectively. SO nanoemulsions with PEG 15 and PEG 30 castor oil were obtained at 85 °C and 75 °C, respectively, and have the lowest Ostwald ripening index (1.33 × 10<sup>22</sup> m<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>). The in vitro evaluation conducted using the HET-CAM method for nanoemulsions and PEG 15 and PEG 30 castor oils showed that they were slightly irritating and could be used in cosmetic products.
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spelling doaj-art-37d9fef66f104bdfb9d0c2244408b48a2025-08-20T03:13:30ZengMDPI AGCosmetics2079-92842025-02-011223210.3390/cosmetics12020032Study of Formulation, Physical Properties, and Instability Process and In Vitro Evaluation of Transparent Nanoemulsions Containing Sesame Seed Oil (SO) and Raspberry Seed Oil (RO)Pedro Alves Rocha-Filho0Monica Maruno1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, BrazilSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, BrazilNanoemulsions are significant for cosmetic products intended for skin care and for health products due to the reduced size (range 20 to 500 nm) of the globules, which avoids processes of instability. They present transparency, fluidity, wettability, and spreadability; increase skin penetration; and have good sensation. The main instability mechanism of nanoemulsions is called Ostwald ripening, responsible for increasing the average diameter of emulsion globules. Sesame Seed Oil (SO) and Raspberry Seed Oil (RO) are indicated as moisturizing agents recently used in the cosmetic industry and for reducing transepidermal water loss, preventing damage to the skin barrier. They contain specific compounds with common properties such as antioxidant, moisturizing, emollient, and photoprotective actions, making them attractive alternative and complementary treatments to soften the process of skin aging. Below, we present the results of this research on the development of nanoemulsions containing Sesame Seed Oil added with Raspberry Seed Oil by the low-energy method. SO nanoemulsions at HLB = 8.0 were obtained with PEG 15 castor oil (A) and PEG 30 castor oil (F.80) and had globule sizes of 50 nm and 200 nm, respectively, along with pH values considered suitable for skin care products and lower viscosity values allowing for the easy application of nanoemulsions to the skin. Nanoemulsions A and F.80 showed antioxidant activities of 68.71% and 67.75%, respectively. SO nanoemulsions with PEG 15 and PEG 30 castor oil were obtained at 85 °C and 75 °C, respectively, and have the lowest Ostwald ripening index (1.33 × 10<sup>22</sup> m<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>). The in vitro evaluation conducted using the HET-CAM method for nanoemulsions and PEG 15 and PEG 30 castor oils showed that they were slightly irritating and could be used in cosmetic products.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/12/2/32nanoemulsionssesame seed oil (SO)raspberry seed oil (RO)antioxidant activityOstwald ripeningin vitro evaluation
spellingShingle Pedro Alves Rocha-Filho
Monica Maruno
Study of Formulation, Physical Properties, and Instability Process and In Vitro Evaluation of Transparent Nanoemulsions Containing Sesame Seed Oil (SO) and Raspberry Seed Oil (RO)
Cosmetics
nanoemulsions
sesame seed oil (SO)
raspberry seed oil (RO)
antioxidant activity
Ostwald ripening
in vitro evaluation
title Study of Formulation, Physical Properties, and Instability Process and In Vitro Evaluation of Transparent Nanoemulsions Containing Sesame Seed Oil (SO) and Raspberry Seed Oil (RO)
title_full Study of Formulation, Physical Properties, and Instability Process and In Vitro Evaluation of Transparent Nanoemulsions Containing Sesame Seed Oil (SO) and Raspberry Seed Oil (RO)
title_fullStr Study of Formulation, Physical Properties, and Instability Process and In Vitro Evaluation of Transparent Nanoemulsions Containing Sesame Seed Oil (SO) and Raspberry Seed Oil (RO)
title_full_unstemmed Study of Formulation, Physical Properties, and Instability Process and In Vitro Evaluation of Transparent Nanoemulsions Containing Sesame Seed Oil (SO) and Raspberry Seed Oil (RO)
title_short Study of Formulation, Physical Properties, and Instability Process and In Vitro Evaluation of Transparent Nanoemulsions Containing Sesame Seed Oil (SO) and Raspberry Seed Oil (RO)
title_sort study of formulation physical properties and instability process and in vitro evaluation of transparent nanoemulsions containing sesame seed oil so and raspberry seed oil ro
topic nanoemulsions
sesame seed oil (SO)
raspberry seed oil (RO)
antioxidant activity
Ostwald ripening
in vitro evaluation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/12/2/32
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