Freezing Fog Microphysics and Visibility Based on CFACT Feb 19 Case
The objective of this study is to analyze microphysical parameters affecting visibility parameterizations of a freezing fog case that occurred on 19 February 2022, during the Cold Fog Amongst Complex Terrain (CFACT) project conducted in a high-elevation alpine valley in Utah, USA. Observations are c...
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MDPI AG
2025-08-01
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| author | Onur Durmus Ismail Gultepe Orhan Sen Zhaoxia Pu Eric R. Pardyjak Sebastian W. Hoch Alexei Perelet Anna G. Hallar Gerardo Carrillo-Cardenas Simla Durmus |
| author_facet | Onur Durmus Ismail Gultepe Orhan Sen Zhaoxia Pu Eric R. Pardyjak Sebastian W. Hoch Alexei Perelet Anna G. Hallar Gerardo Carrillo-Cardenas Simla Durmus |
| author_sort | Onur Durmus |
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| description | The objective of this study is to analyze microphysical parameters affecting visibility parameterizations of a freezing fog case that occurred on 19 February 2022, during the Cold Fog Amongst Complex Terrain (CFACT) project conducted in a high-elevation alpine valley in Utah, USA. Observations are collected using visibility, droplet spectra, ice crystal spectra, and aerosol spectral instruments, as well as in-situ meteorological instruments. Particle phase is determined from relative humidity with respect to water (RH<sub>w</sub>) as well as ground cloud imaging probe (GCIP), ceilometer (CL61) depolarization ratio, and icing accumulation on the platforms. Results showed that freezing droplet density can affect visibility (Vis) up to 100 m during Vis less than 1 km. In addition, increasing volume can lead to up to a 2 μm increase in droplet radius due to a change in the chemical composition of aerosols from Sodium Chloride (NaCl) to Ammonium Nitrate (NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>). Overall, comparisons suggested that Vis parameterizations are highly variable, and freezing fog conditions resulted in lower Vis values compared to warm fog microphysical parameterizations. Furthermore, riming of freezing fog conditions can lead to more than 50% uncertainty in Vis. It is concluded that changing aerosol composition and freezing fog droplet density and riming can play a major role in Vis simulations. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-37d6fabb0c1c49ffbe41ace30a28e8df2025-08-20T03:36:22ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-08-011715272810.3390/rs17152728Freezing Fog Microphysics and Visibility Based on CFACT Feb 19 CaseOnur Durmus0Ismail Gultepe1Orhan Sen2Zhaoxia Pu3Eric R. Pardyjak4Sebastian W. Hoch5Alexei Perelet6Anna G. Hallar7Gerardo Carrillo-Cardenas8Simla Durmus9Department of Meteorological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34467, TürkiyeFaculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, CanadaDepartment of Meteorological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34467, TürkiyeDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USADepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USADepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USADepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USADepartment of Meteorological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34467, TürkiyeThe objective of this study is to analyze microphysical parameters affecting visibility parameterizations of a freezing fog case that occurred on 19 February 2022, during the Cold Fog Amongst Complex Terrain (CFACT) project conducted in a high-elevation alpine valley in Utah, USA. Observations are collected using visibility, droplet spectra, ice crystal spectra, and aerosol spectral instruments, as well as in-situ meteorological instruments. Particle phase is determined from relative humidity with respect to water (RH<sub>w</sub>) as well as ground cloud imaging probe (GCIP), ceilometer (CL61) depolarization ratio, and icing accumulation on the platforms. Results showed that freezing droplet density can affect visibility (Vis) up to 100 m during Vis less than 1 km. In addition, increasing volume can lead to up to a 2 μm increase in droplet radius due to a change in the chemical composition of aerosols from Sodium Chloride (NaCl) to Ammonium Nitrate (NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>). Overall, comparisons suggested that Vis parameterizations are highly variable, and freezing fog conditions resulted in lower Vis values compared to warm fog microphysical parameterizations. Furthermore, riming of freezing fog conditions can lead to more than 50% uncertainty in Vis. It is concluded that changing aerosol composition and freezing fog droplet density and riming can play a major role in Vis simulations.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2728fog microphysicsvisibilityfreezing fogcold fogfog parameterizationforecasting |
| spellingShingle | Onur Durmus Ismail Gultepe Orhan Sen Zhaoxia Pu Eric R. Pardyjak Sebastian W. Hoch Alexei Perelet Anna G. Hallar Gerardo Carrillo-Cardenas Simla Durmus Freezing Fog Microphysics and Visibility Based on CFACT Feb 19 Case Remote Sensing fog microphysics visibility freezing fog cold fog fog parameterization forecasting |
| title | Freezing Fog Microphysics and Visibility Based on CFACT Feb 19 Case |
| title_full | Freezing Fog Microphysics and Visibility Based on CFACT Feb 19 Case |
| title_fullStr | Freezing Fog Microphysics and Visibility Based on CFACT Feb 19 Case |
| title_full_unstemmed | Freezing Fog Microphysics and Visibility Based on CFACT Feb 19 Case |
| title_short | Freezing Fog Microphysics and Visibility Based on CFACT Feb 19 Case |
| title_sort | freezing fog microphysics and visibility based on cfact feb 19 case |
| topic | fog microphysics visibility freezing fog cold fog fog parameterization forecasting |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2728 |
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