Case Report: Triple-negative breast cancer with brain and meningeal metastases exhibits spatiotemporal heterogeneity in terms of HER2 expression

Meningeal carcinomatosis (MC) is a distinct form of brain metastasis (BM) that occurs in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The occurrence of BM typically indicates a poor prognosis. Spatial heterogeneity in HER2 expression is relatively common in breast cancer cases; howev...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xubin Wang, Zhiyun Weng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1599148/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849423002883588096
author Xubin Wang
Zhiyun Weng
author_facet Xubin Wang
Zhiyun Weng
author_sort Xubin Wang
collection DOAJ
description Meningeal carcinomatosis (MC) is a distinct form of brain metastasis (BM) that occurs in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The occurrence of BM typically indicates a poor prognosis. Spatial heterogeneity in HER2 expression is relatively common in breast cancer cases; however, the emergence of both temporal and spatial heterogeneity within the brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is exceedingly rare. Thus, the phenomenon warrants further investigation. Herein, we report a case of advanced TNBC with BM and MC. HER2 was expressed in the CSF and exhibited spatial and temporal heterogeneity. The CSF was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, confirming the presence of HER2-positive tumor cells in the patient’s CSF. MC was effectively controlled after treatment with trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd). Relevant literature was reviewed to analyze the reasons for this phenomenon. In this case, the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the HER2 receptors observed in the CSF suggests that BM may be driven by the synergistic interaction of multiple subclonal tumor cells.
format Article
id doaj-art-37ceb8d126a24829be6d74ee817b7e0c
institution Kabale University
issn 2234-943X
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Oncology
spelling doaj-art-37ceb8d126a24829be6d74ee817b7e0c2025-08-20T03:30:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-06-011510.3389/fonc.2025.15991481599148Case Report: Triple-negative breast cancer with brain and meningeal metastases exhibits spatiotemporal heterogeneity in terms of HER2 expressionXubin WangZhiyun WengMeningeal carcinomatosis (MC) is a distinct form of brain metastasis (BM) that occurs in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The occurrence of BM typically indicates a poor prognosis. Spatial heterogeneity in HER2 expression is relatively common in breast cancer cases; however, the emergence of both temporal and spatial heterogeneity within the brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is exceedingly rare. Thus, the phenomenon warrants further investigation. Herein, we report a case of advanced TNBC with BM and MC. HER2 was expressed in the CSF and exhibited spatial and temporal heterogeneity. The CSF was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, confirming the presence of HER2-positive tumor cells in the patient’s CSF. MC was effectively controlled after treatment with trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd). Relevant literature was reviewed to analyze the reasons for this phenomenon. In this case, the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the HER2 receptors observed in the CSF suggests that BM may be driven by the synergistic interaction of multiple subclonal tumor cells.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1599148/fullhuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2trastuzumab deruxtecancase reportmeningeal carcinomatosistriple-negative breast cancers
spellingShingle Xubin Wang
Zhiyun Weng
Case Report: Triple-negative breast cancer with brain and meningeal metastases exhibits spatiotemporal heterogeneity in terms of HER2 expression
Frontiers in Oncology
human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
trastuzumab deruxtecan
case report
meningeal carcinomatosis
triple-negative breast cancers
title Case Report: Triple-negative breast cancer with brain and meningeal metastases exhibits spatiotemporal heterogeneity in terms of HER2 expression
title_full Case Report: Triple-negative breast cancer with brain and meningeal metastases exhibits spatiotemporal heterogeneity in terms of HER2 expression
title_fullStr Case Report: Triple-negative breast cancer with brain and meningeal metastases exhibits spatiotemporal heterogeneity in terms of HER2 expression
title_full_unstemmed Case Report: Triple-negative breast cancer with brain and meningeal metastases exhibits spatiotemporal heterogeneity in terms of HER2 expression
title_short Case Report: Triple-negative breast cancer with brain and meningeal metastases exhibits spatiotemporal heterogeneity in terms of HER2 expression
title_sort case report triple negative breast cancer with brain and meningeal metastases exhibits spatiotemporal heterogeneity in terms of her2 expression
topic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
trastuzumab deruxtecan
case report
meningeal carcinomatosis
triple-negative breast cancers
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1599148/full
work_keys_str_mv AT xubinwang casereporttriplenegativebreastcancerwithbrainandmeningealmetastasesexhibitsspatiotemporalheterogeneityintermsofher2expression
AT zhiyunweng casereporttriplenegativebreastcancerwithbrainandmeningealmetastasesexhibitsspatiotemporalheterogeneityintermsofher2expression