Learning High-Dimensional Chaos Based on an Echo State Network with Homotopy Transformation

Learning high-dimensional chaos is a complex and challenging problem because of its initial value-sensitive dependence. Based on an echo state network (ESN), we introduce homotopy transformation in topological theory to learn high-dimensional chaos. On the premise of maintaining the basic topologica...

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Main Authors: Shikun Wang, Fengjie Geng, Yuting Li, Hongjie Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Mathematics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/6/894
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author Shikun Wang
Fengjie Geng
Yuting Li
Hongjie Liu
author_facet Shikun Wang
Fengjie Geng
Yuting Li
Hongjie Liu
author_sort Shikun Wang
collection DOAJ
description Learning high-dimensional chaos is a complex and challenging problem because of its initial value-sensitive dependence. Based on an echo state network (ESN), we introduce homotopy transformation in topological theory to learn high-dimensional chaos. On the premise of maintaining the basic topological properties, our model can obtain the key features of chaos for learning through the continuous transformation between different activation functions, achieving an optimal balance between nonlinearity and linearity to enhance the generalization capability of the model. In the experimental part, we choose the Lorenz system, Mackey–Glass (MG) system, and Kuramoto–Sivashinsky (KS) system as examples, and we verify the superiority of our model by comparing it with other models. For some systems, the prediction error can be reduced by two orders of magnitude. The results show that the addition of homotopy transformation can improve the modeling ability of complex spatiotemporal chaotic systems, and this demonstrates the potential application of the model in dynamic time series analysis.
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issn 2227-7390
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Mathematics
spelling doaj-art-37bb350d7c9d425fbc378f44901e418a2025-08-20T02:42:22ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-03-0113689410.3390/math13060894Learning High-Dimensional Chaos Based on an Echo State Network with Homotopy TransformationShikun Wang0Fengjie Geng1Yuting Li2Hongjie Liu3School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Urban Construction, Beijing City University, Beijing 101309, ChinaLearning high-dimensional chaos is a complex and challenging problem because of its initial value-sensitive dependence. Based on an echo state network (ESN), we introduce homotopy transformation in topological theory to learn high-dimensional chaos. On the premise of maintaining the basic topological properties, our model can obtain the key features of chaos for learning through the continuous transformation between different activation functions, achieving an optimal balance between nonlinearity and linearity to enhance the generalization capability of the model. In the experimental part, we choose the Lorenz system, Mackey–Glass (MG) system, and Kuramoto–Sivashinsky (KS) system as examples, and we verify the superiority of our model by comparing it with other models. For some systems, the prediction error can be reduced by two orders of magnitude. The results show that the addition of homotopy transformation can improve the modeling ability of complex spatiotemporal chaotic systems, and this demonstrates the potential application of the model in dynamic time series analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/6/894echo state networkhomotopy theoryactivation functionchaotic systems
spellingShingle Shikun Wang
Fengjie Geng
Yuting Li
Hongjie Liu
Learning High-Dimensional Chaos Based on an Echo State Network with Homotopy Transformation
Mathematics
echo state network
homotopy theory
activation function
chaotic systems
title Learning High-Dimensional Chaos Based on an Echo State Network with Homotopy Transformation
title_full Learning High-Dimensional Chaos Based on an Echo State Network with Homotopy Transformation
title_fullStr Learning High-Dimensional Chaos Based on an Echo State Network with Homotopy Transformation
title_full_unstemmed Learning High-Dimensional Chaos Based on an Echo State Network with Homotopy Transformation
title_short Learning High-Dimensional Chaos Based on an Echo State Network with Homotopy Transformation
title_sort learning high dimensional chaos based on an echo state network with homotopy transformation
topic echo state network
homotopy theory
activation function
chaotic systems
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/6/894
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AT yutingli learninghighdimensionalchaosbasedonanechostatenetworkwithhomotopytransformation
AT hongjieliu learninghighdimensionalchaosbasedonanechostatenetworkwithhomotopytransformation