Extended pan-spectrum fitting of energetic particle spectra

The energy spectrum of energetic particles in space often shows a non-thermal spectral shape with two spectral transitions/breaks over a wide energy range, carrying crucial information about their acceleration, release and transportation process. To self-consistently characterize the spectral featur...

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Main Authors: WenYan Li, LingHua Wang, YongFu Wang, XinNian Guo, QianYi Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Science Press 2025-03-01
Series:Earth and Planetary Physics
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.eppcgs.org/article/doi/10.26464/epp2025005?pageType=en
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author WenYan Li
LingHua Wang
YongFu Wang
XinNian Guo
QianYi Ma
author_facet WenYan Li
LingHua Wang
YongFu Wang
XinNian Guo
QianYi Ma
author_sort WenYan Li
collection DOAJ
description The energy spectrum of energetic particles in space often shows a non-thermal spectral shape with two spectral transitions/breaks over a wide energy range, carrying crucial information about their acceleration, release and transportation process. To self-consistently characterize the spectral features of energetic particles, here we propose a novel extended pan-spectrum (EPS) formula to fit the particle energy-flux spectrum, which has the merit that can incorporate many commonly used spectrum functions with one spectral transition, including the pan-spectrum, double-power-law, Kappa, Ellison-Ramaty (ER) functions, etc. The formula can also determine the spectral shape with two spectral transitions, including the triple-power-law function, Kappa distribution (at low energy) plus power law (at high energy), power law (at low energy) plus ER function, etc. Considering the uncertainties in both J and E, we can fit this EPS formula well to the representative energy spectra of various particle phenomena in space, including solar energetic particles (electrons, protons, 3He and heavier ions), anomalous cosmic rays, solar wind suprathermal particles (halo and superhalo electrons; pick-up ions and the suprathermal tail), etc. Therefore, the EPS fitting can help us self-consistently determine the spectral features of different particle phenomena, and improve our understanding of the physical nature of the origin, acceleration, and transportation of energetic particles in space.
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spelling doaj-art-37aeeba33c474c19ba7ad0da422dece42025-08-20T03:02:10ZengScience PressEarth and Planetary Physics2096-39552025-03-019236637410.26464/epp2025005RA496-wanglinghua-FExtended pan-spectrum fitting of energetic particle spectraWenYan Li0LingHua Wang1YongFu Wang2XinNian Guo3QianYi Ma4School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaThe energy spectrum of energetic particles in space often shows a non-thermal spectral shape with two spectral transitions/breaks over a wide energy range, carrying crucial information about their acceleration, release and transportation process. To self-consistently characterize the spectral features of energetic particles, here we propose a novel extended pan-spectrum (EPS) formula to fit the particle energy-flux spectrum, which has the merit that can incorporate many commonly used spectrum functions with one spectral transition, including the pan-spectrum, double-power-law, Kappa, Ellison-Ramaty (ER) functions, etc. The formula can also determine the spectral shape with two spectral transitions, including the triple-power-law function, Kappa distribution (at low energy) plus power law (at high energy), power law (at low energy) plus ER function, etc. Considering the uncertainties in both J and E, we can fit this EPS formula well to the representative energy spectra of various particle phenomena in space, including solar energetic particles (electrons, protons, 3He and heavier ions), anomalous cosmic rays, solar wind suprathermal particles (halo and superhalo electrons; pick-up ions and the suprathermal tail), etc. Therefore, the EPS fitting can help us self-consistently determine the spectral features of different particle phenomena, and improve our understanding of the physical nature of the origin, acceleration, and transportation of energetic particles in space.http://www.eppcgs.org/article/doi/10.26464/epp2025005?pageType=enenergy spectrum fittingsolar energetic particlesolar wind suprathermal particleanomalous cosmic raypick-up ion
spellingShingle WenYan Li
LingHua Wang
YongFu Wang
XinNian Guo
QianYi Ma
Extended pan-spectrum fitting of energetic particle spectra
Earth and Planetary Physics
energy spectrum fitting
solar energetic particle
solar wind suprathermal particle
anomalous cosmic ray
pick-up ion
title Extended pan-spectrum fitting of energetic particle spectra
title_full Extended pan-spectrum fitting of energetic particle spectra
title_fullStr Extended pan-spectrum fitting of energetic particle spectra
title_full_unstemmed Extended pan-spectrum fitting of energetic particle spectra
title_short Extended pan-spectrum fitting of energetic particle spectra
title_sort extended pan spectrum fitting of energetic particle spectra
topic energy spectrum fitting
solar energetic particle
solar wind suprathermal particle
anomalous cosmic ray
pick-up ion
url http://www.eppcgs.org/article/doi/10.26464/epp2025005?pageType=en
work_keys_str_mv AT wenyanli extendedpanspectrumfittingofenergeticparticlespectra
AT linghuawang extendedpanspectrumfittingofenergeticparticlespectra
AT yongfuwang extendedpanspectrumfittingofenergeticparticlespectra
AT xinnianguo extendedpanspectrumfittingofenergeticparticlespectra
AT qianyima extendedpanspectrumfittingofenergeticparticlespectra