Mediating roles of rumination and emotional intelligence in the relationship between resilience and professional efficacy in pharmacy practice

Abstract Background Understanding the factors that enhance professional efficacy is essential for optimizing job performance and satisfaction in a high-pressure pharmaceutical practice environment. Consequently, this study investigates the relationship between psychological resilience and profession...

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Main Authors: Shazia Rehman, Nadia Rehman, Ali Altalbe, Muhammad Nasir Khan, Ahsan Riaz Khan, Muhammad Akhlaq, Dan Liu, Mi Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Psychology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03302-x
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author Shazia Rehman
Nadia Rehman
Ali Altalbe
Muhammad Nasir Khan
Ahsan Riaz Khan
Muhammad Akhlaq
Dan Liu
Mi Wang
author_facet Shazia Rehman
Nadia Rehman
Ali Altalbe
Muhammad Nasir Khan
Ahsan Riaz Khan
Muhammad Akhlaq
Dan Liu
Mi Wang
author_sort Shazia Rehman
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Understanding the factors that enhance professional efficacy is essential for optimizing job performance and satisfaction in a high-pressure pharmaceutical practice environment. Consequently, this study investigates the relationship between psychological resilience and professional efficacy among pharmacists, with rumination and emotional intelligence as potential mediating factors. Methods We employed a cross-sectional design and structural equation modeling to analyze data from a sample of 576 pharmacists conducted in the Punjab province between September 2023 and January 2024. Psychological resilience was assessed using the six-item Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), the ten-item Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) measured rumination, emotional intelligence was evaluated using the ten-item Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), and professional efficacy was measured by the ten-item General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSS). Results Our results demonstrated that psychological resilience significantly enhances professional efficacy both directly (β = 0.396, p < 0.001) and indirectly through reducing rumination (β = -0.341, p < 0.001) and increasing emotional intelligence (β = 0.452, p < 0.001). However, a minor though significant chain mediation effect was observed, indicating that the combined influence of rumination and emotional intelligence contributes positively to professional efficacy (β = 0.028, p < 0.05). Conclusion These findings highlight the practical significance of fostering psychological resilience and emotional intelligence in pharmacy practice to improve professional efficacy. Interventions focusing on reducing rumination and enhancing emotional intelligence could enhance pharmacists’ job performance and well-being. Pharmacy organizations should consider implementing resilience-building programs and emotional intelligence training to create supportive work environments that optimize performance and satisfaction.
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spelling doaj-art-37a67657df504b70921aa1daaafdd90d2025-08-20T03:43:57ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832025-08-0113111510.1186/s40359-025-03302-xMediating roles of rumination and emotional intelligence in the relationship between resilience and professional efficacy in pharmacy practiceShazia Rehman0Nadia Rehman1Ali Altalbe2Muhammad Nasir Khan3Ahsan Riaz Khan4Muhammad Akhlaq5Dan Liu6Mi Wang7Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hospital of Central South UniversityDepartment of Mathematics, COMSATS UniversityDepartment of Computer Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityElectrical Engineering Department, Government College UniversityDepartment of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Hazara UniversityClinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya, Hospital of Central South UniversityDepartment of Mental Health Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityAbstract Background Understanding the factors that enhance professional efficacy is essential for optimizing job performance and satisfaction in a high-pressure pharmaceutical practice environment. Consequently, this study investigates the relationship between psychological resilience and professional efficacy among pharmacists, with rumination and emotional intelligence as potential mediating factors. Methods We employed a cross-sectional design and structural equation modeling to analyze data from a sample of 576 pharmacists conducted in the Punjab province between September 2023 and January 2024. Psychological resilience was assessed using the six-item Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), the ten-item Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) measured rumination, emotional intelligence was evaluated using the ten-item Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), and professional efficacy was measured by the ten-item General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSS). Results Our results demonstrated that psychological resilience significantly enhances professional efficacy both directly (β = 0.396, p < 0.001) and indirectly through reducing rumination (β = -0.341, p < 0.001) and increasing emotional intelligence (β = 0.452, p < 0.001). However, a minor though significant chain mediation effect was observed, indicating that the combined influence of rumination and emotional intelligence contributes positively to professional efficacy (β = 0.028, p < 0.05). Conclusion These findings highlight the practical significance of fostering psychological resilience and emotional intelligence in pharmacy practice to improve professional efficacy. Interventions focusing on reducing rumination and enhancing emotional intelligence could enhance pharmacists’ job performance and well-being. Pharmacy organizations should consider implementing resilience-building programs and emotional intelligence training to create supportive work environments that optimize performance and satisfaction.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03302-xProfessional efficacyPsychological resilienceRuminationEmotional intelligencePharmacistsPakistan
spellingShingle Shazia Rehman
Nadia Rehman
Ali Altalbe
Muhammad Nasir Khan
Ahsan Riaz Khan
Muhammad Akhlaq
Dan Liu
Mi Wang
Mediating roles of rumination and emotional intelligence in the relationship between resilience and professional efficacy in pharmacy practice
BMC Psychology
Professional efficacy
Psychological resilience
Rumination
Emotional intelligence
Pharmacists
Pakistan
title Mediating roles of rumination and emotional intelligence in the relationship between resilience and professional efficacy in pharmacy practice
title_full Mediating roles of rumination and emotional intelligence in the relationship between resilience and professional efficacy in pharmacy practice
title_fullStr Mediating roles of rumination and emotional intelligence in the relationship between resilience and professional efficacy in pharmacy practice
title_full_unstemmed Mediating roles of rumination and emotional intelligence in the relationship between resilience and professional efficacy in pharmacy practice
title_short Mediating roles of rumination and emotional intelligence in the relationship between resilience and professional efficacy in pharmacy practice
title_sort mediating roles of rumination and emotional intelligence in the relationship between resilience and professional efficacy in pharmacy practice
topic Professional efficacy
Psychological resilience
Rumination
Emotional intelligence
Pharmacists
Pakistan
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03302-x
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