Light green background enhances reading performance in visual display terminal tasks

Visual context plays an important role in reading behavior. However, the effects of background color on reading performance remain underexplored. This study investigated how background color (white vs. light green) affects reading performance, visual fatigue, emotion, and physiological responses in...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiangyun Li, Yu Guan, Ruilin Wu, Xuejun Bai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1627013/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849304161550598144
author Xiangyun Li
Xiangyun Li
Yu Guan
Yu Guan
Ruilin Wu
Xuejun Bai
Xuejun Bai
Xuejun Bai
author_facet Xiangyun Li
Xiangyun Li
Yu Guan
Yu Guan
Ruilin Wu
Xuejun Bai
Xuejun Bai
Xuejun Bai
author_sort Xiangyun Li
collection DOAJ
description Visual context plays an important role in reading behavior. However, the effects of background color on reading performance remain underexplored. This study investigated how background color (white vs. light green) affects reading performance, visual fatigue, emotion, and physiological responses in first language (L1, Chinese) and second language (L2, English) reading contexts. Forty university students completed reading tasks under both background color conditions, and self-report, behavioral, eye-tracking, and physiological data were collected. The results showed differential effects of background color across L1 and L2 reading contexts. In L1 reading experiment, a light green background significantly increased pupil diameter (indicating lower visual fatigue), reduced negative emotion, and improved reading performance compared to a white background. Moreover, background color significantly affected skin temperature among female participants only. In L2 reading, the green background also increased pupil diameter, though this effect was limited to female readers, with no significant improvements in reading performance or emotional response. These findings suggest that perceptual features of digital reading environments can influence multiple aspects of reading, including visual fatigue, emotion, and performance, with varying effects across L1 and L2 reading contexts. Notably, the effects of background color appear to be moderated by task complexity and gender, with female readers showing greater sensitivity to background color effects, particularly under more demanding reading conditions. The study highlights the role of individual differences and perceptual context in shaping reading experience, with implications for interface design and digital learning platforms.
format Article
id doaj-art-3794e6cc69e44516bc2dff03b1f82dc7
institution Kabale University
issn 1664-1078
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Psychology
spelling doaj-art-3794e6cc69e44516bc2dff03b1f82dc72025-08-20T03:55:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-07-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.16270131627013Light green background enhances reading performance in visual display terminal tasksXiangyun Li0Xiangyun Li1Yu Guan2Yu Guan3Ruilin Wu4Xuejun Bai5Xuejun Bai6Xuejun Bai7Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, ChinaFaculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, ChinaKey Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, ChinaFaculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Psychology, Beihang University, Beijing, ChinaKey Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, ChinaFaculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Student Mental Health and Intelligence Assessment, Tianjin, ChinaVisual context plays an important role in reading behavior. However, the effects of background color on reading performance remain underexplored. This study investigated how background color (white vs. light green) affects reading performance, visual fatigue, emotion, and physiological responses in first language (L1, Chinese) and second language (L2, English) reading contexts. Forty university students completed reading tasks under both background color conditions, and self-report, behavioral, eye-tracking, and physiological data were collected. The results showed differential effects of background color across L1 and L2 reading contexts. In L1 reading experiment, a light green background significantly increased pupil diameter (indicating lower visual fatigue), reduced negative emotion, and improved reading performance compared to a white background. Moreover, background color significantly affected skin temperature among female participants only. In L2 reading, the green background also increased pupil diameter, though this effect was limited to female readers, with no significant improvements in reading performance or emotional response. These findings suggest that perceptual features of digital reading environments can influence multiple aspects of reading, including visual fatigue, emotion, and performance, with varying effects across L1 and L2 reading contexts. Notably, the effects of background color appear to be moderated by task complexity and gender, with female readers showing greater sensitivity to background color effects, particularly under more demanding reading conditions. The study highlights the role of individual differences and perceptual context in shaping reading experience, with implications for interface design and digital learning platforms.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1627013/fullbackground colorvisual fatigueemotionreading performancevisual display terminal
spellingShingle Xiangyun Li
Xiangyun Li
Yu Guan
Yu Guan
Ruilin Wu
Xuejun Bai
Xuejun Bai
Xuejun Bai
Light green background enhances reading performance in visual display terminal tasks
Frontiers in Psychology
background color
visual fatigue
emotion
reading performance
visual display terminal
title Light green background enhances reading performance in visual display terminal tasks
title_full Light green background enhances reading performance in visual display terminal tasks
title_fullStr Light green background enhances reading performance in visual display terminal tasks
title_full_unstemmed Light green background enhances reading performance in visual display terminal tasks
title_short Light green background enhances reading performance in visual display terminal tasks
title_sort light green background enhances reading performance in visual display terminal tasks
topic background color
visual fatigue
emotion
reading performance
visual display terminal
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1627013/full
work_keys_str_mv AT xiangyunli lightgreenbackgroundenhancesreadingperformanceinvisualdisplayterminaltasks
AT xiangyunli lightgreenbackgroundenhancesreadingperformanceinvisualdisplayterminaltasks
AT yuguan lightgreenbackgroundenhancesreadingperformanceinvisualdisplayterminaltasks
AT yuguan lightgreenbackgroundenhancesreadingperformanceinvisualdisplayterminaltasks
AT ruilinwu lightgreenbackgroundenhancesreadingperformanceinvisualdisplayterminaltasks
AT xuejunbai lightgreenbackgroundenhancesreadingperformanceinvisualdisplayterminaltasks
AT xuejunbai lightgreenbackgroundenhancesreadingperformanceinvisualdisplayterminaltasks
AT xuejunbai lightgreenbackgroundenhancesreadingperformanceinvisualdisplayterminaltasks