Chronic toxicity of triphenylarsine to Danio rerio
Triphenylarsine (TPA) is a persistent organoarsenical that has emerged as a major environmental concern due to the extensive marine disposal of chemical munitions throughout the 20th century. The waterborne toxicity of TPA in aquatic organisms remains poorly understood, with limited and often inconc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132500702X |
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| author | Wojciech Wilczynski Tomasz Brzeziński Jakub Nawała Daniel Dziedzic Stanisław Popiel Marcin Lukasz Zebrowski Michał Czub Jacek Bełdowski Monika Radlinska |
| author_facet | Wojciech Wilczynski Tomasz Brzeziński Jakub Nawała Daniel Dziedzic Stanisław Popiel Marcin Lukasz Zebrowski Michał Czub Jacek Bełdowski Monika Radlinska |
| author_sort | Wojciech Wilczynski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Triphenylarsine (TPA) is a persistent organoarsenical that has emerged as a major environmental concern due to the extensive marine disposal of chemical munitions throughout the 20th century. The waterborne toxicity of TPA in aquatic organisms remains poorly understood, with limited and often inconclusive data, and its chronic effects are entirely unexplored. To address this gap, a 28-day exposure study was conducted, focusing on assessing the long-term toxicity of TPA in the model fish species Danio rerio. The results indicate that chronic exposure to trace concentrations of TPA significantly reduces body length, weight, and growth rate in fish. Furthermore, TPA and its primary degradation product, triphenylarsine oxide (TPAO), accumulate in the muscle tissues of fish. The accumulation rates are 0.61 μg × g⁻¹ (dry weight) for TPA and 9.1 μg × g⁻¹ (dry weight) for TPAO, for every microgram of TPA per litre of water over 28 days of exposure. Additionally, chronic exposure induced oxidative stress in the gills, as evidenced by altered mRNA expression and elevated enzymatic activity of detoxification-related proteins. Therefore, TPA exposure represents a significant threat to fish. This compound should be recognized as a high-priority environmental contaminant, and its concentrations should be routinely monitored in bottom waters, particularly near chemical munitions dumping sites. Expanding research to predict and assess the toxicity of other persistent organoarsenicals co-disposed with TPA is essential for understanding their cumulative ecological and health impacts. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-378960c477364bcebf97a2e4a933f50c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj-art-378960c477364bcebf97a2e4a933f50c2025-08-20T03:24:43ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-07-0129911836610.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118366Chronic toxicity of triphenylarsine to Danio rerioWojciech Wilczynski0Tomasz Brzeziński1Jakub Nawała2Daniel Dziedzic3Stanisław Popiel4Marcin Lukasz Zebrowski5Michał Czub6Jacek Bełdowski7Monika Radlinska8University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, I. Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw 02-096, Poland; University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Ecology, Department of Hydrobiology, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland; Correspondence to: Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland.University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Ecology, Department of Hydrobiology, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, PolandMilitary University of Technology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, Warsaw 00-908, PolandMilitary University of Technology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, Warsaw 00-908, PolandMilitary University of Technology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, Warsaw 00-908, PolandUniversity of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Ecology, Department of Hydrobiology, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, PolandUniversity of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Ecology, Department of Hydrobiology, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland; Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Powstańców Warszawy 55, Sopot 81-712, PolandPolish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Powstańców Warszawy 55, Sopot 81-712, PolandUniversity of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, I. Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw 02-096, PolandTriphenylarsine (TPA) is a persistent organoarsenical that has emerged as a major environmental concern due to the extensive marine disposal of chemical munitions throughout the 20th century. The waterborne toxicity of TPA in aquatic organisms remains poorly understood, with limited and often inconclusive data, and its chronic effects are entirely unexplored. To address this gap, a 28-day exposure study was conducted, focusing on assessing the long-term toxicity of TPA in the model fish species Danio rerio. The results indicate that chronic exposure to trace concentrations of TPA significantly reduces body length, weight, and growth rate in fish. Furthermore, TPA and its primary degradation product, triphenylarsine oxide (TPAO), accumulate in the muscle tissues of fish. The accumulation rates are 0.61 μg × g⁻¹ (dry weight) for TPA and 9.1 μg × g⁻¹ (dry weight) for TPAO, for every microgram of TPA per litre of water over 28 days of exposure. Additionally, chronic exposure induced oxidative stress in the gills, as evidenced by altered mRNA expression and elevated enzymatic activity of detoxification-related proteins. Therefore, TPA exposure represents a significant threat to fish. This compound should be recognized as a high-priority environmental contaminant, and its concentrations should be routinely monitored in bottom waters, particularly near chemical munitions dumping sites. Expanding research to predict and assess the toxicity of other persistent organoarsenicals co-disposed with TPA is essential for understanding their cumulative ecological and health impacts.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132500702XOrganoarsenicalsTPAZebrafishLong-term toxicityAccumulationOxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Wojciech Wilczynski Tomasz Brzeziński Jakub Nawała Daniel Dziedzic Stanisław Popiel Marcin Lukasz Zebrowski Michał Czub Jacek Bełdowski Monika Radlinska Chronic toxicity of triphenylarsine to Danio rerio Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Organoarsenicals TPA Zebrafish Long-term toxicity Accumulation Oxidative stress |
| title | Chronic toxicity of triphenylarsine to Danio rerio |
| title_full | Chronic toxicity of triphenylarsine to Danio rerio |
| title_fullStr | Chronic toxicity of triphenylarsine to Danio rerio |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chronic toxicity of triphenylarsine to Danio rerio |
| title_short | Chronic toxicity of triphenylarsine to Danio rerio |
| title_sort | chronic toxicity of triphenylarsine to danio rerio |
| topic | Organoarsenicals TPA Zebrafish Long-term toxicity Accumulation Oxidative stress |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132500702X |
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