Enhancing oncolytic virotherapy by extracellular vesicle mediated microRNA reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment

BackgroundThere has been limited success of cancer immunotherapies in the treatment of ovarian cancer (OvCa) to date, largely due to the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of both the primary tumour and malignant ascites, promo...

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Main Authors: Victoria A. Jennings, Reah Rumbold-Hall, Gemma Migneco, Tyler Barr, Katrina Reilly, Nicola Ingram, Isabelle St Hilare, Samuel Heaton, Noura Alzamel, David Jackson, Christy Ralph, Susan Banerjee, Iain McNeish, John C. Bell, Alan A. Melcher, Carolina Ilkow, Graham P. Cook, Fiona Errington-Mais
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1500570/full
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author Victoria A. Jennings
Reah Rumbold-Hall
Gemma Migneco
Tyler Barr
Katrina Reilly
Nicola Ingram
Isabelle St Hilare
Samuel Heaton
Noura Alzamel
David Jackson
Christy Ralph
Susan Banerjee
Iain McNeish
John C. Bell
Alan A. Melcher
Carolina Ilkow
Graham P. Cook
Fiona Errington-Mais
author_facet Victoria A. Jennings
Reah Rumbold-Hall
Gemma Migneco
Tyler Barr
Katrina Reilly
Nicola Ingram
Isabelle St Hilare
Samuel Heaton
Noura Alzamel
David Jackson
Christy Ralph
Susan Banerjee
Iain McNeish
John C. Bell
Alan A. Melcher
Carolina Ilkow
Graham P. Cook
Fiona Errington-Mais
author_sort Victoria A. Jennings
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThere has been limited success of cancer immunotherapies in the treatment of ovarian cancer (OvCa) to date, largely due to the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of both the primary tumour and malignant ascites, promoting tumour growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, chemotherapy resistance and immunosuppression. Differential microRNA (miRNA) profiles have been implicated in the plasticity of TAMs. Therefore, delivering miRNA to TAMs to promote an anti-tumour phenotype is a novel approach to reverse their pro-tumour activity and enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially replicate in tumour cells making them ideal vehicles to deliver miRNA mimetics to the TME. Importantly, miRNA expressed by OVs get packaged within tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (TDEVs), and release of TDEV is augmented by OV infection, thus enhancing the dissemination of miRNA throughout the TME.MethodSmall RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed miRNA during TAM generation and following LPS/IFNγ stimulation to induce an anti-tumour phenotype. Two differentially expressed miRNA identified, miR-155 and miR-19a, were cloned into oncolytic rhabdovirus (ORV), and anti-tumour efficacy was investigated using both in vitro and in vivo models of OvCa.ResultsThis study demonstrates that ORV infection enhances TDEV production in OvCa cell lines both in vitro and in vivo and that TDEV are preferentially taken up by myeloid cells, including TAMs. Small RNA sequencing identified 23 miRNAs that were significantly upregulated in anti-tumour TAMs, including miR-155-5p. While 101 miRNAs were downregulated during pro-tumour TAM differentiation, including miR-19a-3p. Culturing TDEV expressing miR-155 or miR-19a with TAMs reversed their immunosuppressive activity, as measured by T cell proliferation. While ORV-miR-155 enhanced the generation of anti-tumour T cells, only ORV-miR19a significantly improved survival of mice bearing ovarian tumours.ConclusionThis study demonstrates (i) that arming ORVs with immunomodulatory miRNA is an effective approach to deliver miRNA to myeloid cells within the TME and (ii) that miRNA have the capacity to reverse the tumour promoting properties of TAMs and improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies, such as OV.
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spelling doaj-art-3783c6665e834788872d5c5ea82da1f82025-08-20T02:18:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-12-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.15005701500570Enhancing oncolytic virotherapy by extracellular vesicle mediated microRNA reprogramming of the tumour microenvironmentVictoria A. Jennings0Reah Rumbold-Hall1Gemma Migneco2Tyler Barr3Katrina Reilly4Nicola Ingram5Isabelle St Hilare6Samuel Heaton7Noura Alzamel8David Jackson9Christy Ralph10Susan Banerjee11Iain McNeish12John C. Bell13Alan A. Melcher14Carolina Ilkow15Graham P. Cook16Fiona Errington-Mais17Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James University Hospital, Leeds, United KingdomLeeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James University Hospital, Leeds, United KingdomLeeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James University Hospital, Leeds, United KingdomLeeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James University Hospital, Leeds, United KingdomLeeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James University Hospital, Leeds, United KingdomLeeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James University Hospital, Leeds, United KingdomCenter for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, CanadaLeeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James University Hospital, Leeds, United KingdomLeeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James University Hospital, Leeds, United KingdomLeeds Cancer Centre, St James's Hospital, Leeds, United KingdomLeeds Cancer Centre, St James's Hospital, Leeds, United KingdomThe Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, United KingdomDepartment of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, London, United KingdomCenter for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, CanadaThe Institute of Cancer Research, Divisions of Radiotherapy and Imaging and Breast Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United KingdomCenter for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, CanadaLeeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James University Hospital, Leeds, United KingdomLeeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James University Hospital, Leeds, United KingdomBackgroundThere has been limited success of cancer immunotherapies in the treatment of ovarian cancer (OvCa) to date, largely due to the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of both the primary tumour and malignant ascites, promoting tumour growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, chemotherapy resistance and immunosuppression. Differential microRNA (miRNA) profiles have been implicated in the plasticity of TAMs. Therefore, delivering miRNA to TAMs to promote an anti-tumour phenotype is a novel approach to reverse their pro-tumour activity and enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially replicate in tumour cells making them ideal vehicles to deliver miRNA mimetics to the TME. Importantly, miRNA expressed by OVs get packaged within tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (TDEVs), and release of TDEV is augmented by OV infection, thus enhancing the dissemination of miRNA throughout the TME.MethodSmall RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed miRNA during TAM generation and following LPS/IFNγ stimulation to induce an anti-tumour phenotype. Two differentially expressed miRNA identified, miR-155 and miR-19a, were cloned into oncolytic rhabdovirus (ORV), and anti-tumour efficacy was investigated using both in vitro and in vivo models of OvCa.ResultsThis study demonstrates that ORV infection enhances TDEV production in OvCa cell lines both in vitro and in vivo and that TDEV are preferentially taken up by myeloid cells, including TAMs. Small RNA sequencing identified 23 miRNAs that were significantly upregulated in anti-tumour TAMs, including miR-155-5p. While 101 miRNAs were downregulated during pro-tumour TAM differentiation, including miR-19a-3p. Culturing TDEV expressing miR-155 or miR-19a with TAMs reversed their immunosuppressive activity, as measured by T cell proliferation. While ORV-miR-155 enhanced the generation of anti-tumour T cells, only ORV-miR19a significantly improved survival of mice bearing ovarian tumours.ConclusionThis study demonstrates (i) that arming ORVs with immunomodulatory miRNA is an effective approach to deliver miRNA to myeloid cells within the TME and (ii) that miRNA have the capacity to reverse the tumour promoting properties of TAMs and improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies, such as OV.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1500570/fulloncolytic virusmiRNAtumour associated macrophagetumour microenvironmentanti-tumour immunity
spellingShingle Victoria A. Jennings
Reah Rumbold-Hall
Gemma Migneco
Tyler Barr
Katrina Reilly
Nicola Ingram
Isabelle St Hilare
Samuel Heaton
Noura Alzamel
David Jackson
Christy Ralph
Susan Banerjee
Iain McNeish
John C. Bell
Alan A. Melcher
Carolina Ilkow
Graham P. Cook
Fiona Errington-Mais
Enhancing oncolytic virotherapy by extracellular vesicle mediated microRNA reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment
Frontiers in Immunology
oncolytic virus
miRNA
tumour associated macrophage
tumour microenvironment
anti-tumour immunity
title Enhancing oncolytic virotherapy by extracellular vesicle mediated microRNA reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment
title_full Enhancing oncolytic virotherapy by extracellular vesicle mediated microRNA reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment
title_fullStr Enhancing oncolytic virotherapy by extracellular vesicle mediated microRNA reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing oncolytic virotherapy by extracellular vesicle mediated microRNA reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment
title_short Enhancing oncolytic virotherapy by extracellular vesicle mediated microRNA reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment
title_sort enhancing oncolytic virotherapy by extracellular vesicle mediated microrna reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment
topic oncolytic virus
miRNA
tumour associated macrophage
tumour microenvironment
anti-tumour immunity
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1500570/full
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