Innovation through telemedicine to improve medication abortion access in primary health centers: findings from a pilot study in Musanze District, Rwanda

Abstract In 2012 Rwanda expanded legal grounds for abortion to include cases of rape, incest, forced marriage, the health of a pregnant person or fetus at risk, and for minors on request in 2018. The penal code limits abortion care to doctors in hospitals, impeding access for many women. We tested a...

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Main Authors: Ndola Prata, Karen Weidert, Evangeline Dushimeyesu, Eugène Kanyamanza, Dushimiyimana Blaise, Sharon Umutesi, Eugène Ngoga, Felix Sayinzoga
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22629-z
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author Ndola Prata
Karen Weidert
Evangeline Dushimeyesu
Eugène Kanyamanza
Dushimiyimana Blaise
Sharon Umutesi
Eugène Ngoga
Felix Sayinzoga
author_facet Ndola Prata
Karen Weidert
Evangeline Dushimeyesu
Eugène Kanyamanza
Dushimiyimana Blaise
Sharon Umutesi
Eugène Ngoga
Felix Sayinzoga
author_sort Ndola Prata
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In 2012 Rwanda expanded legal grounds for abortion to include cases of rape, incest, forced marriage, the health of a pregnant person or fetus at risk, and for minors on request in 2018. The penal code limits abortion care to doctors in hospitals, impeding access for many women. We tested an intervention that provides first-trimester medication abortion at primary health centers, using telemedicine to connect nurses/midwives to doctors in district hospitals for authorization of services. We implemented a 15-month prospective study to assess the feasibility, effectiveness, safety, and client acceptability of a hybrid telemedicine model. In the model tested, doctors provided clinical guidance by reviewing client data and lab results, and authorized the procedure via telemedicine, while the nurses/midwives consulted with the client, provided medication at the health center, and conducted follow-up over the phone or in person. Service data record forms were completed using the REDCap online platform and client exit interviews were conducted after completion of the abortion. During implementation, 242 clients received medication abortion at the health centers, with 50% of clients interviewed during client exit interviews. The protocol ensured high adherence rates; 96% completed abortion. Post-procedure complications were rare (3%) and were largely managed at health centers with remote support from a medical doctor. Vaginal bleeding (36%) and abdominal pain (41%) were the prevalent side effects experienced by clients; only 10% of clients who reported side effects needed to see a provider for management. Overall client satisfaction with services was very high (98%) and the perceived quality of services was also very high (97–99%). We conclude that this hybrid telemedicine model for the provision of first-trimester medication abortion is feasible, effective, safe and accepted by clients. Results from this study will enable revisions to the abortion clinical guidelines to include task-sharing with mid-level providers, such as nurses and midwives, via telemedicine in health centers.
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spelling doaj-art-3776ab9ae46c42e888a12be38d35ce262025-08-20T03:09:21ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-05-0125111310.1186/s12889-025-22629-zInnovation through telemedicine to improve medication abortion access in primary health centers: findings from a pilot study in Musanze District, RwandaNdola Prata0Karen Weidert1Evangeline Dushimeyesu2Eugène Kanyamanza3Dushimiyimana Blaise4Sharon Umutesi5Eugène Ngoga6Felix Sayinzoga7Bixby Center for Population, Health and Sustainability, School of Public Health, University of CaliforniaBixby Center for Population, Health and Sustainability, School of Public Health, University of CaliforniaRwanda Health Initiative for Youth and WomenRwanda Health Initiative for Youth and WomenRuhengeri District HospitalRwanda Biomedical CenterRwanda Society of Obstetricians and GynecologistsRwanda Biomedical CenterAbstract In 2012 Rwanda expanded legal grounds for abortion to include cases of rape, incest, forced marriage, the health of a pregnant person or fetus at risk, and for minors on request in 2018. The penal code limits abortion care to doctors in hospitals, impeding access for many women. We tested an intervention that provides first-trimester medication abortion at primary health centers, using telemedicine to connect nurses/midwives to doctors in district hospitals for authorization of services. We implemented a 15-month prospective study to assess the feasibility, effectiveness, safety, and client acceptability of a hybrid telemedicine model. In the model tested, doctors provided clinical guidance by reviewing client data and lab results, and authorized the procedure via telemedicine, while the nurses/midwives consulted with the client, provided medication at the health center, and conducted follow-up over the phone or in person. Service data record forms were completed using the REDCap online platform and client exit interviews were conducted after completion of the abortion. During implementation, 242 clients received medication abortion at the health centers, with 50% of clients interviewed during client exit interviews. The protocol ensured high adherence rates; 96% completed abortion. Post-procedure complications were rare (3%) and were largely managed at health centers with remote support from a medical doctor. Vaginal bleeding (36%) and abdominal pain (41%) were the prevalent side effects experienced by clients; only 10% of clients who reported side effects needed to see a provider for management. Overall client satisfaction with services was very high (98%) and the perceived quality of services was also very high (97–99%). We conclude that this hybrid telemedicine model for the provision of first-trimester medication abortion is feasible, effective, safe and accepted by clients. Results from this study will enable revisions to the abortion clinical guidelines to include task-sharing with mid-level providers, such as nurses and midwives, via telemedicine in health centers.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22629-zTelemedicineMedication abortionTelehealthSexual and reproductive healthRwanda
spellingShingle Ndola Prata
Karen Weidert
Evangeline Dushimeyesu
Eugène Kanyamanza
Dushimiyimana Blaise
Sharon Umutesi
Eugène Ngoga
Felix Sayinzoga
Innovation through telemedicine to improve medication abortion access in primary health centers: findings from a pilot study in Musanze District, Rwanda
BMC Public Health
Telemedicine
Medication abortion
Telehealth
Sexual and reproductive health
Rwanda
title Innovation through telemedicine to improve medication abortion access in primary health centers: findings from a pilot study in Musanze District, Rwanda
title_full Innovation through telemedicine to improve medication abortion access in primary health centers: findings from a pilot study in Musanze District, Rwanda
title_fullStr Innovation through telemedicine to improve medication abortion access in primary health centers: findings from a pilot study in Musanze District, Rwanda
title_full_unstemmed Innovation through telemedicine to improve medication abortion access in primary health centers: findings from a pilot study in Musanze District, Rwanda
title_short Innovation through telemedicine to improve medication abortion access in primary health centers: findings from a pilot study in Musanze District, Rwanda
title_sort innovation through telemedicine to improve medication abortion access in primary health centers findings from a pilot study in musanze district rwanda
topic Telemedicine
Medication abortion
Telehealth
Sexual and reproductive health
Rwanda
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22629-z
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