Mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease based on the 2012 and 2021 KDIGO blood pressure targets

Abstract The 2021 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Prognosis (KDIGO) guidelines set a target systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120 mmHg for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This paper aims to compare mortality outcomes in CKD patients following the 2021 KDIGO guidelines versus the 2012 KDIGO gu...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sijue Zou, Yan Zhang, Xin He, Jiawei Cheng, Songkai Wang, Yiwei Xiong, Zhangzhe Peng, Xiang Ao, Qiongjing Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91731-4
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849699842084831232
author Sijue Zou
Yan Zhang
Xin He
Jiawei Cheng
Songkai Wang
Yiwei Xiong
Zhangzhe Peng
Xiang Ao
Qiongjing Yuan
author_facet Sijue Zou
Yan Zhang
Xin He
Jiawei Cheng
Songkai Wang
Yiwei Xiong
Zhangzhe Peng
Xiang Ao
Qiongjing Yuan
author_sort Sijue Zou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The 2021 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Prognosis (KDIGO) guidelines set a target systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120 mmHg for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This paper aims to compare mortality outcomes in CKD patients following the 2021 KDIGO guidelines versus the 2012 KDIGO guidelines. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database to categorize CKD patients into four groups: “above 2021 KDIGO only”, “above 2012 KDIGO only”, “above both targets” and “controlled with both targets”. We compared differences in all-cause and cardiovascular deaths among these groups. In total, 10,612 CKD patients from the 2001–2018 NHANES database were identified. Subsequently, 2,226 patients lacking mortality information and 1,157 without crucial laboratory data were excluded. 7,229 CKD patients were enrolled, with 50.67% above both targets, 27.1% controlled within both targets, 1.01% above the 2012 KDIGO target, and 21.22% only above the 2021 KDIGO target. In multivariate analyses, the risk of all-cause mortality was not statistically significant (hazard ratio (HR): 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–1.02, P = 0.11) for patients above the 2021 KDIGO target only compared to those controlled with both targets. Similar results were found for cardiovascular deaths. The 2021 KDIGO guidelines did not differentiate high-risk CKD populations in terms of all-cause death and cardiovascular death, compared with the 2012 KDIGO guidelines.
format Article
id doaj-art-375c41ec36ad458e98c68fe7b4e21da1
institution DOAJ
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-375c41ec36ad458e98c68fe7b4e21da12025-08-20T03:18:27ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-91731-4Mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease based on the 2012 and 2021 KDIGO blood pressure targetsSijue Zou0Yan Zhang1Xin He2Jiawei Cheng3Songkai Wang4Yiwei Xiong5Zhangzhe Peng6Xiang Ao7Qiongjing Yuan8Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityAbstract The 2021 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Prognosis (KDIGO) guidelines set a target systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120 mmHg for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This paper aims to compare mortality outcomes in CKD patients following the 2021 KDIGO guidelines versus the 2012 KDIGO guidelines. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database to categorize CKD patients into four groups: “above 2021 KDIGO only”, “above 2012 KDIGO only”, “above both targets” and “controlled with both targets”. We compared differences in all-cause and cardiovascular deaths among these groups. In total, 10,612 CKD patients from the 2001–2018 NHANES database were identified. Subsequently, 2,226 patients lacking mortality information and 1,157 without crucial laboratory data were excluded. 7,229 CKD patients were enrolled, with 50.67% above both targets, 27.1% controlled within both targets, 1.01% above the 2012 KDIGO target, and 21.22% only above the 2021 KDIGO target. In multivariate analyses, the risk of all-cause mortality was not statistically significant (hazard ratio (HR): 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–1.02, P = 0.11) for patients above the 2021 KDIGO target only compared to those controlled with both targets. Similar results were found for cardiovascular deaths. The 2021 KDIGO guidelines did not differentiate high-risk CKD populations in terms of all-cause death and cardiovascular death, compared with the 2012 KDIGO guidelines.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91731-4GuidelineBlood pressureMortalityNHANESChronic kidney disease
spellingShingle Sijue Zou
Yan Zhang
Xin He
Jiawei Cheng
Songkai Wang
Yiwei Xiong
Zhangzhe Peng
Xiang Ao
Qiongjing Yuan
Mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease based on the 2012 and 2021 KDIGO blood pressure targets
Scientific Reports
Guideline
Blood pressure
Mortality
NHANES
Chronic kidney disease
title Mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease based on the 2012 and 2021 KDIGO blood pressure targets
title_full Mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease based on the 2012 and 2021 KDIGO blood pressure targets
title_fullStr Mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease based on the 2012 and 2021 KDIGO blood pressure targets
title_full_unstemmed Mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease based on the 2012 and 2021 KDIGO blood pressure targets
title_short Mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease based on the 2012 and 2021 KDIGO blood pressure targets
title_sort mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease based on the 2012 and 2021 kdigo blood pressure targets
topic Guideline
Blood pressure
Mortality
NHANES
Chronic kidney disease
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91731-4
work_keys_str_mv AT sijuezou mortalityamongindividualswithchronickidneydiseasebasedonthe2012and2021kdigobloodpressuretargets
AT yanzhang mortalityamongindividualswithchronickidneydiseasebasedonthe2012and2021kdigobloodpressuretargets
AT xinhe mortalityamongindividualswithchronickidneydiseasebasedonthe2012and2021kdigobloodpressuretargets
AT jiaweicheng mortalityamongindividualswithchronickidneydiseasebasedonthe2012and2021kdigobloodpressuretargets
AT songkaiwang mortalityamongindividualswithchronickidneydiseasebasedonthe2012and2021kdigobloodpressuretargets
AT yiweixiong mortalityamongindividualswithchronickidneydiseasebasedonthe2012and2021kdigobloodpressuretargets
AT zhangzhepeng mortalityamongindividualswithchronickidneydiseasebasedonthe2012and2021kdigobloodpressuretargets
AT xiangao mortalityamongindividualswithchronickidneydiseasebasedonthe2012and2021kdigobloodpressuretargets
AT qiongjingyuan mortalityamongindividualswithchronickidneydiseasebasedonthe2012and2021kdigobloodpressuretargets