Femtosecond Laser‐Regulated Microstructures for on‐Demand Functionalization of Magnetic Milli‐Robots
Recent advancements in smart materials and robotics have propelled the development of magnetic milli‐robots with significant potential in biomedical diagnostics, industrial automation, and environmental monitoring. However, the challenge of achieving in situ functionalization of these small, flexibl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley-VCH
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Small Structures |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202500114 |
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| author | Ruyu Li Ruokun He Zhuo‐Chen Ma Zhiang Zhang Xiaofu Zhao Yifei Yao Shuyue Xu Xiaosheng Yang Hesheng Wang Bing Han |
| author_facet | Ruyu Li Ruokun He Zhuo‐Chen Ma Zhiang Zhang Xiaofu Zhao Yifei Yao Shuyue Xu Xiaosheng Yang Hesheng Wang Bing Han |
| author_sort | Ruyu Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent advancements in smart materials and robotics have propelled the development of magnetic milli‐robots with significant potential in biomedical diagnostics, industrial automation, and environmental monitoring. However, the challenge of achieving in situ functionalization of these small, flexible robots without compromising their magnetic agility has hindered their widespread deployment. Herein, a femtosecond laser‐driven hierarchical assembly mechanism that facilitates the seamless integration of Additive‐LIPSS (laser‐induced periodic surface microstructures) combined with plasmonic nanoparticle deposition through a single step is proposed. This approach effectively overcomes the traditional trade‐off between multifunctionality and miniaturization, offering a pathway for precise and scalable functionalization of magnetic milli‐robots. By exploiting the strain‐tunable property of the soft magnetic substrate, we achieve programmable plasmonic microstructures at ultralow laser power, which simultaneously enhance electromagnetic sensitivity and enable posture‐adpative surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing. Notably, the dynamic alignment of Additive‐LIPSS enables robot posture‐dependent SERS signal modulation with 5‐fold intensity variation which allows real‐time feedback of the robot's posture in complex environments. As a proof of concept, the functionalized milli‐robot is demonstrated for on‐demand gastric cancer detection, highlighting its potential for real‐time, non‐invasive diagnostics. Our on‐demand functionalization approach thus offers a versatile and scalable platform for next‐generation multifunctional robotic systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-374fbf997be14c408097d80276e4a462 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2688-4062 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Small Structures |
| spelling | doaj-art-374fbf997be14c408097d80276e4a4622025-08-20T03:44:58ZengWiley-VCHSmall Structures2688-40622025-08-0168n/an/a10.1002/sstr.202500114Femtosecond Laser‐Regulated Microstructures for on‐Demand Functionalization of Magnetic Milli‐RobotsRuyu Li0Ruokun He1Zhuo‐Chen Ma2Zhiang Zhang3Xiaofu Zhao4Yifei Yao5Shuyue Xu6Xiaosheng Yang7Hesheng Wang8Bing Han9School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University No.800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 ChinaDepartment of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 ChinaDepartment of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 ChinaDepartment of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 ChinaSchool of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University No.800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 ChinaSchool of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University No.800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 ChinaSchool of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University No.800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200011 ChinaDepartment of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 ChinaSchool of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University No.800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 ChinaRecent advancements in smart materials and robotics have propelled the development of magnetic milli‐robots with significant potential in biomedical diagnostics, industrial automation, and environmental monitoring. However, the challenge of achieving in situ functionalization of these small, flexible robots without compromising their magnetic agility has hindered their widespread deployment. Herein, a femtosecond laser‐driven hierarchical assembly mechanism that facilitates the seamless integration of Additive‐LIPSS (laser‐induced periodic surface microstructures) combined with plasmonic nanoparticle deposition through a single step is proposed. This approach effectively overcomes the traditional trade‐off between multifunctionality and miniaturization, offering a pathway for precise and scalable functionalization of magnetic milli‐robots. By exploiting the strain‐tunable property of the soft magnetic substrate, we achieve programmable plasmonic microstructures at ultralow laser power, which simultaneously enhance electromagnetic sensitivity and enable posture‐adpative surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing. Notably, the dynamic alignment of Additive‐LIPSS enables robot posture‐dependent SERS signal modulation with 5‐fold intensity variation which allows real‐time feedback of the robot's posture in complex environments. As a proof of concept, the functionalized milli‐robot is demonstrated for on‐demand gastric cancer detection, highlighting its potential for real‐time, non‐invasive diagnostics. Our on‐demand functionalization approach thus offers a versatile and scalable platform for next‐generation multifunctional robotic systems.https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202500114femtosecond laser direct writinglaser‐induced periodic microstructuresmagnetic multifunctional robotic systemsprogrammable plasmonic microstructuressoft robots |
| spellingShingle | Ruyu Li Ruokun He Zhuo‐Chen Ma Zhiang Zhang Xiaofu Zhao Yifei Yao Shuyue Xu Xiaosheng Yang Hesheng Wang Bing Han Femtosecond Laser‐Regulated Microstructures for on‐Demand Functionalization of Magnetic Milli‐Robots Small Structures femtosecond laser direct writing laser‐induced periodic microstructures magnetic multifunctional robotic systems programmable plasmonic microstructures soft robots |
| title | Femtosecond Laser‐Regulated Microstructures for on‐Demand Functionalization of Magnetic Milli‐Robots |
| title_full | Femtosecond Laser‐Regulated Microstructures for on‐Demand Functionalization of Magnetic Milli‐Robots |
| title_fullStr | Femtosecond Laser‐Regulated Microstructures for on‐Demand Functionalization of Magnetic Milli‐Robots |
| title_full_unstemmed | Femtosecond Laser‐Regulated Microstructures for on‐Demand Functionalization of Magnetic Milli‐Robots |
| title_short | Femtosecond Laser‐Regulated Microstructures for on‐Demand Functionalization of Magnetic Milli‐Robots |
| title_sort | femtosecond laser regulated microstructures for on demand functionalization of magnetic milli robots |
| topic | femtosecond laser direct writing laser‐induced periodic microstructures magnetic multifunctional robotic systems programmable plasmonic microstructures soft robots |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202500114 |
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