Dengue Infections Among Household Contacts of Symptomatic Index Cases: Implications for Community-Based Intervention Studies

Background: Dengue is a global health concern, with half of the world’s population at risk and no antiviral treatment available. This Phase 0 study investigated dengue infections among household contacts (HHCs) of dengue index cases (ICs) and assessed the feasibility of conducting a Phase 2 trial fo...

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Main Authors: Erik Koehne, Liesbeth Van Wesenbeeck, Martin L. Hibberd, Annemie Buelens, Michiko Toizumi, Kim De Clerck, Leen Vijgen, Ole Lagatie, Lucy Masdin, Hien Anh Thi Nguyen, Hoang Huy Le, Duc Anh Dang, Mai Kim Huynh, Lien Thuy Le, Trieu Bao Nguyên, Stephane Hue, Hung Thai Do, Guillermo Herrera-Taracena, Freya Rasschaert, Lay-Myint Yoshida
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Viruses
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/859
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author Erik Koehne
Liesbeth Van Wesenbeeck
Martin L. Hibberd
Annemie Buelens
Michiko Toizumi
Kim De Clerck
Leen Vijgen
Ole Lagatie
Lucy Masdin
Hien Anh Thi Nguyen
Hoang Huy Le
Duc Anh Dang
Mai Kim Huynh
Lien Thuy Le
Trieu Bao Nguyên
Stephane Hue
Hung Thai Do
Guillermo Herrera-Taracena
Freya Rasschaert
Lay-Myint Yoshida
author_facet Erik Koehne
Liesbeth Van Wesenbeeck
Martin L. Hibberd
Annemie Buelens
Michiko Toizumi
Kim De Clerck
Leen Vijgen
Ole Lagatie
Lucy Masdin
Hien Anh Thi Nguyen
Hoang Huy Le
Duc Anh Dang
Mai Kim Huynh
Lien Thuy Le
Trieu Bao Nguyên
Stephane Hue
Hung Thai Do
Guillermo Herrera-Taracena
Freya Rasschaert
Lay-Myint Yoshida
author_sort Erik Koehne
collection DOAJ
description Background: Dengue is a global health concern, with half of the world’s population at risk and no antiviral treatment available. This Phase 0 study investigated dengue infections among household contacts (HHCs) of dengue index cases (ICs) and assessed the feasibility of conducting a Phase 2 trial for a novel antiviral. Methods: Participants were enrolled in Nha Trang, Vietnam, from April 2022 to February 2023. Dengue ICs were identified within 72 h of fever onset, and their healthy adult HHCs enrolled within 48 h. Blood samples and questionnaires were collected bi-weekly for four weeks, with a follow-up visit on day 40. DENV RT-qPCR, NS1, and anti-DENV IgM/IgG ELISAs were performed. Results: Overall, 130 dengue ICs and 301 HHCs were enrolled, with 91.7% (276/301) completing all follow-up visits. Baseline anti-DENV IgG showed prior dengue infections in 262/301 HHCs (87.0%). Fifty HHCs were excluded from the HHC infection analysis based on evidence of a DENV infection (viral load [VL], NS1, IgM, and IgG results) at enrollment. During follow-up, 2.0% of HHCs (5/251) had DENV infections based on virological parameters (DENV RNA and/or NS1 positivity), and anti-DENV IgG/IgM seroconversion was detected in 7.2% (18/251). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the operational feasibility of a dengue IC-HHC design for a Phase 2 trial.
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spelling doaj-art-372abe3c85bd4ff0b60d707a25ed8ee62025-08-20T03:26:52ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-06-0117685910.3390/v17060859Dengue Infections Among Household Contacts of Symptomatic Index Cases: Implications for Community-Based Intervention StudiesErik Koehne0Liesbeth Van Wesenbeeck1Martin L. Hibberd2Annemie Buelens3Michiko Toizumi4Kim De Clerck5Leen Vijgen6Ole Lagatie7Lucy Masdin8Hien Anh Thi Nguyen9Hoang Huy Le10Duc Anh Dang11Mai Kim Huynh12Lien Thuy Le13Trieu Bao Nguyên14Stephane Hue15Hung Thai Do16Guillermo Herrera-Taracena17Freya Rasschaert18Lay-Myint Yoshida19Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, JapanJohnson & Johnson, 2340 Beerse, BelgiumFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UKJohnson & Johnson, 2340 Beerse, BelgiumDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, JapanJohnson & Johnson, 2340 Beerse, BelgiumJohnson & Johnson, 2340 Beerse, BelgiumJohnson & Johnson, 2340 Beerse, BelgiumFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UKNational Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, VietnamNational Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, VietnamNational Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, VietnamPasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang 650000, VietnamPasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang 650000, VietnamPasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang 650000, VietnamFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UKPasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang 650000, VietnamJohnson & Johnson, Horsham, PA 19044, USAJohnson & Johnson, 2340 Beerse, BelgiumDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, JapanBackground: Dengue is a global health concern, with half of the world’s population at risk and no antiviral treatment available. This Phase 0 study investigated dengue infections among household contacts (HHCs) of dengue index cases (ICs) and assessed the feasibility of conducting a Phase 2 trial for a novel antiviral. Methods: Participants were enrolled in Nha Trang, Vietnam, from April 2022 to February 2023. Dengue ICs were identified within 72 h of fever onset, and their healthy adult HHCs enrolled within 48 h. Blood samples and questionnaires were collected bi-weekly for four weeks, with a follow-up visit on day 40. DENV RT-qPCR, NS1, and anti-DENV IgM/IgG ELISAs were performed. Results: Overall, 130 dengue ICs and 301 HHCs were enrolled, with 91.7% (276/301) completing all follow-up visits. Baseline anti-DENV IgG showed prior dengue infections in 262/301 HHCs (87.0%). Fifty HHCs were excluded from the HHC infection analysis based on evidence of a DENV infection (viral load [VL], NS1, IgM, and IgG results) at enrollment. During follow-up, 2.0% of HHCs (5/251) had DENV infections based on virological parameters (DENV RNA and/or NS1 positivity), and anti-DENV IgG/IgM seroconversion was detected in 7.2% (18/251). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the operational feasibility of a dengue IC-HHC design for a Phase 2 trial.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/859dengueinfectionhousehold contactscommunityVietnam
spellingShingle Erik Koehne
Liesbeth Van Wesenbeeck
Martin L. Hibberd
Annemie Buelens
Michiko Toizumi
Kim De Clerck
Leen Vijgen
Ole Lagatie
Lucy Masdin
Hien Anh Thi Nguyen
Hoang Huy Le
Duc Anh Dang
Mai Kim Huynh
Lien Thuy Le
Trieu Bao Nguyên
Stephane Hue
Hung Thai Do
Guillermo Herrera-Taracena
Freya Rasschaert
Lay-Myint Yoshida
Dengue Infections Among Household Contacts of Symptomatic Index Cases: Implications for Community-Based Intervention Studies
Viruses
dengue
infection
household contacts
community
Vietnam
title Dengue Infections Among Household Contacts of Symptomatic Index Cases: Implications for Community-Based Intervention Studies
title_full Dengue Infections Among Household Contacts of Symptomatic Index Cases: Implications for Community-Based Intervention Studies
title_fullStr Dengue Infections Among Household Contacts of Symptomatic Index Cases: Implications for Community-Based Intervention Studies
title_full_unstemmed Dengue Infections Among Household Contacts of Symptomatic Index Cases: Implications for Community-Based Intervention Studies
title_short Dengue Infections Among Household Contacts of Symptomatic Index Cases: Implications for Community-Based Intervention Studies
title_sort dengue infections among household contacts of symptomatic index cases implications for community based intervention studies
topic dengue
infection
household contacts
community
Vietnam
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/859
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