Dengue Infections Among Household Contacts of Symptomatic Index Cases: Implications for Community-Based Intervention Studies

Dengue Infections Among Household Contacts of Symptomatic Index Cases: Implications for Community-Based Intervention Studies

Background: Dengue is a global health concern, with half of the world’s population at risk and no antiviral treatment available. This Phase 0 study investigated dengue infections among household contacts (HHCs) of dengue index cases (ICs) and assessed the feasibility of conducting a Phase 2 trial fo...

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Main Authors: Erik Koehne, Liesbeth Van Wesenbeeck, Martin L. Hibberd, Annemie Buelens, Michiko Toizumi, Kim De Clerck, Leen Vijgen, Ole Lagatie, Lucy Masdin, Hien Anh Thi Nguyen, Hoang Huy Le, Duc Anh Dang, Mai Kim Huynh, Lien Thuy Le, Trieu Bao Nguyên, Stephane Hue, Hung Thai Do, Guillermo Herrera-Taracena, Freya Rasschaert, Lay-Myint Yoshida
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Viruses
Subjects:
dengue
infection
household contacts
community
Vietnam
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/859
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Summary:Background: Dengue is a global health concern, with half of the world’s population at risk and no antiviral treatment available. This Phase 0 study investigated dengue infections among household contacts (HHCs) of dengue index cases (ICs) and assessed the feasibility of conducting a Phase 2 trial for a novel antiviral. Methods: Participants were enrolled in Nha Trang, Vietnam, from April 2022 to February 2023. Dengue ICs were identified within 72 h of fever onset, and their healthy adult HHCs enrolled within 48 h. Blood samples and questionnaires were collected bi-weekly for four weeks, with a follow-up visit on day 40. DENV RT-qPCR, NS1, and anti-DENV IgM/IgG ELISAs were performed. Results: Overall, 130 dengue ICs and 301 HHCs were enrolled, with 91.7% (276/301) completing all follow-up visits. Baseline anti-DENV IgG showed prior dengue infections in 262/301 HHCs (87.0%). Fifty HHCs were excluded from the HHC infection analysis based on evidence of a DENV infection (viral load [VL], NS1, IgM, and IgG results) at enrollment. During follow-up, 2.0% of HHCs (5/251) had DENV infections based on virological parameters (DENV RNA and/or NS1 positivity), and anti-DENV IgG/IgM seroconversion was detected in 7.2% (18/251). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the operational feasibility of a dengue IC-HHC design for a Phase 2 trial.
ISSN:1999-4915

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