Dietary Lauric Acid Supplementation Positively Affects Growth Performance, Oxidative and Immune Status of European Seabass Juveniles

Lauric acid (LA), a medium-chain fatty acid (C12), can promote growth performance and decrease oxidative damage and lipid deposition in animals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of lauric acid as a functional ingredient on European seabass juveniles’ growth performa...

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Main Authors: Filipa Fontinha, Nicole Martins, Rui Magalhães, Helena Peres, Aires Oliva-Teles
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Fishes
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/5/190
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author Filipa Fontinha
Nicole Martins
Rui Magalhães
Helena Peres
Aires Oliva-Teles
author_facet Filipa Fontinha
Nicole Martins
Rui Magalhães
Helena Peres
Aires Oliva-Teles
author_sort Filipa Fontinha
collection DOAJ
description Lauric acid (LA), a medium-chain fatty acid (C12), can promote growth performance and decrease oxidative damage and lipid deposition in animals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of lauric acid as a functional ingredient on European seabass juveniles’ growth performance and intestine antioxidant and immunological status. For this purpose, four practical diets were formulated to be isoproteic and isolipidic, including 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% of LA, and fed to triplicate groups of European seabass juveniles (~12.7 g) for 61 days. Dietary LA supplementation did not affect growth performance, feed utilization, or whole-body composition, but feed intake increased at a concentration-dependent level. However, the plasmatic triglyceride content was increased at the higher level of LA supplementation. In the intestine, catalase and glutathione reductase activities and lipid peroxidation levels were lower in fish fed the 1% LA diet than in the control group. The hepatic LPO level was higher in fish fed 0.5% LA than in the control group. Fish fed the 1% LA diet presented lower intestinal expressions of caspase 3, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins <i>10</i>, <i>6</i>, and <i>1-β</i>, and a lower plasma white blood cell number. Overall, up to 2% dietary supplementation of lauric acid as a functional ingredient showed a trend to improve European sea bass juveniles’ growth performance without affecting feed utilization. Moreover, 1% dietary inclusion of LA reduced intestinal lipid peroxidation and downregulated pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes, thus enhancing the intestine’s homeostatic status.
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publishDate 2025-04-01
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spelling doaj-art-3715e91630da4262b8a7e2fb2d1b44332025-08-20T02:33:59ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882025-04-0110519010.3390/fishes10050190Dietary Lauric Acid Supplementation Positively Affects Growth Performance, Oxidative and Immune Status of European Seabass JuvenilesFilipa Fontinha0Nicole Martins1Rui Magalhães2Helena Peres3Aires Oliva-Teles4Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av, General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av, General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av, General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av, General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av, General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalLauric acid (LA), a medium-chain fatty acid (C12), can promote growth performance and decrease oxidative damage and lipid deposition in animals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of lauric acid as a functional ingredient on European seabass juveniles’ growth performance and intestine antioxidant and immunological status. For this purpose, four practical diets were formulated to be isoproteic and isolipidic, including 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% of LA, and fed to triplicate groups of European seabass juveniles (~12.7 g) for 61 days. Dietary LA supplementation did not affect growth performance, feed utilization, or whole-body composition, but feed intake increased at a concentration-dependent level. However, the plasmatic triglyceride content was increased at the higher level of LA supplementation. In the intestine, catalase and glutathione reductase activities and lipid peroxidation levels were lower in fish fed the 1% LA diet than in the control group. The hepatic LPO level was higher in fish fed 0.5% LA than in the control group. Fish fed the 1% LA diet presented lower intestinal expressions of caspase 3, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins <i>10</i>, <i>6</i>, and <i>1-β</i>, and a lower plasma white blood cell number. Overall, up to 2% dietary supplementation of lauric acid as a functional ingredient showed a trend to improve European sea bass juveniles’ growth performance without affecting feed utilization. Moreover, 1% dietary inclusion of LA reduced intestinal lipid peroxidation and downregulated pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes, thus enhancing the intestine’s homeostatic status.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/5/190medium-chain fatty acidslauric acidaquafeedswelfareimmune responseEuropean seabass
spellingShingle Filipa Fontinha
Nicole Martins
Rui Magalhães
Helena Peres
Aires Oliva-Teles
Dietary Lauric Acid Supplementation Positively Affects Growth Performance, Oxidative and Immune Status of European Seabass Juveniles
Fishes
medium-chain fatty acids
lauric acid
aquafeeds
welfare
immune response
European seabass
title Dietary Lauric Acid Supplementation Positively Affects Growth Performance, Oxidative and Immune Status of European Seabass Juveniles
title_full Dietary Lauric Acid Supplementation Positively Affects Growth Performance, Oxidative and Immune Status of European Seabass Juveniles
title_fullStr Dietary Lauric Acid Supplementation Positively Affects Growth Performance, Oxidative and Immune Status of European Seabass Juveniles
title_full_unstemmed Dietary Lauric Acid Supplementation Positively Affects Growth Performance, Oxidative and Immune Status of European Seabass Juveniles
title_short Dietary Lauric Acid Supplementation Positively Affects Growth Performance, Oxidative and Immune Status of European Seabass Juveniles
title_sort dietary lauric acid supplementation positively affects growth performance oxidative and immune status of european seabass juveniles
topic medium-chain fatty acids
lauric acid
aquafeeds
welfare
immune response
European seabass
url https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/5/190
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